集体主义视野下的道德冲突研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 18:42

本文关键词：集体主义视野下的道德冲突研究　出处：《太原理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放和社会主义市场经济把中国带向了一个价值多元化的时代,道德冲突现象成了我们必须要去思考的问题。西方伦理学中,功利主义在用来解决道德冲突时,把一切价值都还原为快乐和痛苦,忽视了产生行动的动机和道德规则的价值；义务论的解决之道过分强调了道德规则的价值,把道德原则价值进行绝对化的排序,没有考虑到人类社会的现实的后果,而且忽视了美德和情感的道德价值；罗斯的多元义务论解决之道是对显见义务进行排序,即更强烈的显见义务总是最大的显见的善,照此行动就可以解决道德冲突,但是很难实践；价值澄清学派提出价值中立原则,将道德冲突带来的困惑重新抛给人们自身,要求人们重新澄清自己的价值观并认识自己,从而帮助人们从道德冲突的困惑中走出来,但是很容易滑进相对主义的深渊。尽管这些解决的方案没能很好的解决道德冲突,甚至在指导道德实践时会产生新的原则冲突,但是通过对西方这些解决之道的详细分析和比较,能发现了伦理学多元化的趋势。这种趋势主要体现在价值主体多元和价值多元,正是基于这样的趋势和我国自身集体主义的文化背景,本文提出了多元集体主义解决道德冲突的方案。多元集体主义的两大特点就是价值主体多元和价值多元,基于这两大特点提出了解决道德冲突的两条基本原则：一是将优化这种科学的比较方法引入了道德哲学,形成了科学的判断方法原则；二是重新确定了集体利益的内涵并进行了分层,把这种新的集体利益最大化作为道德行为抉择的原则。根据这两条原则本文提出了具体的科学解决程序,即第一,对被择方案搜索并列举全部方案；第二,对多元主体进行分析并列出主体的利益；第三,对涉及的多元价值分析；第四,将被择方案的集体利益计算出来并进行比较；第五,从中选取对集体利益最大的被择方案。通过这五步不仅能全面分析出道德冲突的原因、相关利益主体、相关价值,更能通过集体利益最优化的方法对他们进行比较排序,从而形成唯一的解决方案来破解道德冲突给人带来的困惑。本文不仅从理论上提出了对道德冲突解决方案,并且引入了一个实际生活中发生的例子,对其中的道德冲突现象进行了分析,并用多元集体主义对其提出了相应的解决方案,这些解决方案不仅能作为对事件中行为和结果进行评价,还能为以后人们的道德行为进行指导,通过这个实例分析可以看到多元集体主义的道德冲突解决方案更符合人们的日常道德判断,因此其对行为的指导性也更强,不仅可以作为完善集体主义伦理学的一种尝试,还可以促进社会主义精神文明建设。
[Abstract]:The reform and opening up and the socialist market economy have brought China to an era of value pluralism, and the phenomenon of moral conflict has become a problem that we must think about. When utilitarianism is used to solve moral conflicts, it restores all values into pleasure and pain, neglecting the values of motives and moral rules that produce actions. The solution of the theory of obligation overemphasizes the value of moral rules and puts the value of moral principles in an absolute order without considering the realistic consequences of human society and neglecting the moral values of virtue and emotion. The solution of Ross's theory of multivariate obligation is to sort out the obligation of manifest, that is, the stronger duty of opinion is always the greatest obvious good, according to which the moral conflict can be solved, but it is difficult to practice. The school of value clarification puts forward the principle of value neutrality, throws back the confusion brought by moral conflict to people, and requires people to clarify their own values and understand themselves. It helps people get out of the confusion of moral conflict, but it is easy to slide into the abyss of relativism. Even in guiding moral practice, there will be new conflicts of principles, but through the detailed analysis and comparison of these solutions in the West. This trend is mainly reflected in the pluralism of value subject and value, which is based on this trend and the cultural background of our own collectivism. This paper puts forward a solution to the moral conflict of pluralistic collectivism. The two characteristics of pluralistic collectivism are value subject pluralism and value pluralism. Based on these two characteristics, this paper puts forward two basic principles for resolving moral conflicts: first, the comparative method of optimizing this kind of science is introduced into moral philosophy and the principle of scientific judgment method is formed; Second, the connotation of collective interests is redefined and stratified, and the maximization of this new collective interest is regarded as the principle of moral behavior choice. According to these two principles, this paper puts forward the concrete scientific solution procedure. That is, first, search the selected scheme and enumerate all the schemes; Second, analyze the multiple subjects and list the interests of the main body; Third, the multi-value analysis involved; 4th, to calculate and compare the collective interests of the selected scheme; Through these five steps, we can not only analyze the causes of moral conflict, relevant stakeholders, relevant value. They can be compared and sorted by the method of collective interest optimization, so as to form a unique solution to solve the confusion caused by moral conflict. This paper not only puts forward a solution to moral conflict theoretically, but also introduces an example in real life and analyzes the phenomenon of moral conflict. And multiple collectivism to put forward the corresponding solutions, these solutions can not only be used to conduct the event and the results of evaluation, but also for the future moral behavior of people to guide. Through the analysis of this example, we can see that the multi-collectivist moral conflict solution is more in line with people's daily moral judgment, so it is more instructive to the behavior. It can not only be an attempt to perfect collectivism ethics, but also promote the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D648

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