社会主义意识形态认同历程研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 15:27

本文选题：社会主义　切入点：意识形态　出处：《安徽大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：社会主义意识形态的诞生使无产阶级具备了科学的世界观和改造世界的有力的思想武器,但在革命实践过程中要实现这一目标就必须解决好社会主义意识形态的认同问题。马克思恩格斯在推动社会主义意识形态认同的早期探索中取得了很好的效果。从1842年至1848年《共产党宣言》的发表,马克思恩格斯通过在革命实践中唤醒工人阶级的阶级意识、把科学社会主义理论同工人阶级的政治运动结合起来等使社会主义意识形态获得初步认同；从1848年欧洲革命至1871年巴黎公社革命这一时期是社会主义意识形态在革命实践中得以验证和在无产阶级中得到进一步认同的阶段；从1871年巴黎公社失败到1895年恩格斯逝世,社会主义意识形态在无产阶级中得到广泛传播和全面认同。社会主义工人政党的兴起、第二国际的成立以及第二国际思想家的理论宣传都对促进社会主义意识形态认同发挥着积极的作用。马克思恩格斯在推动社会主义意识形态认同的早期探索中积累了宝贵的经验：多样化的宣传教育方式奠定了社会主义意识形态认同的思想基础；诉诸经验事实的实践验证强化了社会主义意识形态认同的现实根基；长期的理论斗争提供了社会主义意识形态认同的重要动力。马克思恩格斯对社会主义意识形态认同早期探索的经验对当前我国社会主义意识形态认同建构具有重要的意义,不仅帮助我们增强了社会主义意识形态认同的信心,而且为我们提供了社会主义意识形态认同的理论前提、历史依据和方法借鉴。社会主义意识形态认同在苏联历经坎坷。十月革命前夕,在俄国这样一个经济文化非常落后的国家推进社会主义意识形态认同必然有其自身的特殊性。十月革命后不久,苏维埃政权就面临着社会主义意识形态认同的危机。为此,列宁积极推行新经济政策重新巩固社会主义意识形态认同,通过加强文化教育塑造社会主义意识形态认同的合格主体并阐述了社会主义意识形态认同的理论——灌输论,初步解决了在经济文化落后的条件下进入社会主义的国家如何进行社会主义意识形态认同建构的问题。斯大林时期由于经济建设取得的巨大成就、卫国战争的胜利充分显示出社会主义巨大的优越性,这在一定程度上增强了民众对社会主义意识形态的认同,但这一时期对社会主义意识形态的认同在很大程度是对斯大林模式的认同,并把这种模式绝对化和神圣化。在认同方式上趋于单一化,致使社会主义意识形态认同效果中包含着严重扭曲的成分,表面上对社会主义意识形态的高度认同已经暗藏着认同危机的潜流。后斯大林时期社会主义意识形态认同危机逐步显现,先后经历了赫鲁晓夫时期社会主义意识形态认同的动摇、勃列日涅夫时期社会主义意识形态认同的困顿以及戈尔巴乔夫时期社会主义意识形态认同的崩溃,全面的社会主义意识形态认同危机最终导致苏联解体和亡党亡国的悲剧性结局。社会主义意识形态认同在中国也经历过多次波折,但时至今日社会主义事业依然蓬勃向前。19世纪末随着西学东渐,社会主义学说同西方其他思潮一起在中国开始传播并在20世纪初达到了高潮。到五四时期中国的思想界异常活跃,各种思想流派进行了论争,其中代表性的有“问题与主义”之争、“社会主义论战”、“马克思主义与无政府主义”的三次论战。论战扩大了社会主义的影响,逐步获得国人对社会主义意识形态的认同。随着新民主义革命的逐步推进社会主义意识形态在理论上不断得到发展、完善,在实践中不断得到验证,其认同度的提升历经由少数先进知识分子的精英认同逐步演变为民众的普遍认同。建国后,在社会主义过渡时期,由于中国共产党积极促进国民经济的恢复和发展、注重思想和文化建设和强化旧社会的“负面合法性”效应的引导,社会主义意识形态和无产阶级国家政权得到了人民群众广泛的认同和积极的支持。但到1956——1978年期间,社会主义意识形态认同逐渐背离其建构的物质基础,被人格化为对领袖的个人崇拜,导致出现了社会主义意识形态认同的畸变。文革结束以后,在未来政治建设的道路上如何把社会主义意识形态认同从个人崇拜转向主流意识形态上将是一个关键的问题,改革开放后历经社会主义意识形态认同的重启、巩固和发展时期,最终实现了社会主义意识形态认同的理性回归。党的十八大以后,中国共产党进一步推进社会主义意识形态的认同,在理论形态上表现为如何实现社会主义核心价值观的认同。由于处在社会转型时期,基于不同利益基础的多元价值观易引发价值冲突甚至可能出现价值认同危机。重构价值认同是价值认同危机消解的内在诉求,这是由价值认同危机的性质、价值选择的同一性和价值认同过程的内在逻辑决定的。当代中国价值认同重构的根本就是认同社会主义核心价值观。通过积极培育社会主义核心价值观增强认知认同,推进社会主义核心价值观日常生活化增强情感认同,积极践行社会主义核心价值观增强行为认同,从而凸显社会主义核心价值观的价值主导作用,形成一种和谐、稳定、充满活力的价值生活秩序。当前,随着改革开放的深入,整个时代背景发生了很大的变化,社会主义意识形态的主导地位不断受到冲击并呈现认同弱化的趋势,其凸显出来亟待破解的问题主要有：认同主体教育的虚化；大众权益的实现仍有差距；认同客体的解释力下降；社会主义意识形态理论宣传中存在着空泛化的趋向；多样化社会思潮对主流意识形态认同的挑战等。为此,在基本方法上我们必须要处理好主导性与多样性、理想化与世俗化、泛化与淡化、批判与包容的关系,并通过实施分层教育,加强社会主义意识形态认同主体塑造；推进理论创新,凸显社会主义意识形态认同的文本权威；畅通利益表达,培育社会主义意识形态认同的动力基础；注重大众传媒,拓展社会主义意识形态认同的传播途径；优化社会生态环境,构建社会主义意识形态认同的外部条件等途径来增强社会主义意识形态认同。
[Abstract]:The birth of the socialist ideology of the proletariat with a scientific outlook of the world and transform the world powerful ideological weapon, but in the revolutionary practice process to achieve this goal, we must solve the problem of identity of socialist ideology. Marx Engels has achieved a good effect in the early exploration of promoting socialist ideology identity. From: from 1842 to 1848 the "Communist Manifesto", Marx Engels by awakening the consciousness of the working class in the revolutionary practice, the political movement of scientific socialism theory and the working class together to obtain preliminary socialist ideology identity; from 1848 to 1871 the European Revolution in the Paris Commune Revolution during this period of socialist ideology is tested and further identification in the stage of the proletariat in the revolutionary practice; from 1871 The defeat of the Paris commune to the death of Engels in 1895, the socialist ideology is widely spread and overall identity in the proletariat. The rise of the Socialist Workers Party, the establishment of second international and second international theories publicity to promote socialist ideology identity plays a positive role. Marx Engels has accumulated valuable experience in the early exploration of promoting socialist identity the ideology: the diversification of publicity and education laid the ideological foundation of identity of socialist ideology; practice to experience verification and strengthen the practical foundation for the identification of socialist ideology; the long-term struggle theory provides an important driving force of socialist ideology. Marx and Engels agree on the identity of socialist ideology in the early exploration experience for the current awareness of China's socialist form State identity construction is of great significance, not only help us enhance the identity of socialist ideology and faith, provides a theoretical premise for the identification of socialist ideology, historical basis and reference method. The identity of socialist ideology in the Soviet Union after rough. On the eve of the October revolution in Russia, such a very backward economy and culture of the country to promote the identity of socialist ideology it has its own particularity. Shortly after the October revolution, the Soviet government was faced with the identity of socialist ideological crisis. Therefore, Lenin actively implement the new economic policy to consolidate the identity of socialist ideology, through the elaboration of the identity of socialist ideology Theory Inculcation Theory to strengthen the cultural identity of socialist ideology in shaping qualified subject education and a preliminary solution in the backward economy and culture How to identify problems in the construction of socialist ideology of socialist national conditions. During the period of Stalin due to the great achievements in economic construction achieved the victory of the war, which shows the superiority of socialism is huge, which enhances the public identity of socialist ideology in a certain extent, but this period of identity of socialist ideology in great is the degree of the Stalin model and the model of absolute identity, and holiness. In identity tend to a single mode, resulting in the recognition of socialist ideology effect contains a serious distortion of the components on the surface of a high recognition of socialist ideology has hidden undercurrent identity crisis in the post Stalin era. The identity of socialist ideology crisis gradually Khrushchev, has experienced a period of socialist ideology The identity recognition of socialist ideology shaken, Brezhnev period of hardship and the collapse of the socialist ideology identity of Gorbachev period, the identity of socialist ideology crisis comprehensively eventually led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union and death of the party and the nation. The tragic ending of the socialist ideology in Chinese also experienced many twists and turns, but today the cause of socialism is still moving forward at the end of the century with the.19 the theory of socialism, with other western thoughts together began to spread and reached its climax in early twentieth Century in Chinese. To the 54 period Chinese ideological circles extremely active debates of the various schools of thought, which is represented by the "problems and doctrines", "socialism," debate "three debates in the Marx doctrine and the government" the debate. Expand the influence of socialism, and gradually get The identity of the socialist ideology. With the new democratic revolution gradually promote the development of socialist ideology, perfect in theory, has been verified in practice, the identity of the promotion after by a few advanced intellectual elite identity gradually evolved into common people. After the founding of the PRC, in the period of social transition, due to the Communist Party of China actively promote the recovery and development of the national economy, pay attention to ideological and cultural construction and the strengthening of the old society "negative legitimacy" effect of the guide, the socialist ideology and the proletarian state power by the broad masses of identity and positive support. But in 1956 -- 1978, identity of socialist ideology gradually deviated from its construction material based on the personality of the leader is a personality cult, led to the emergence of socialist consciousness form The distortion of state identity. After the end of the cultural revolution, in the future on the road to the construction of the political identity of socialist ideology from personal worship to the mainstream ideology, is a key issue, after the reform and opening up after the resumption of recognition of socialist ideology, consolidating and developing period, finally realized the rational regression of identity of socialist ideology. The party's eighteen later, the Communist Party of Chinese further promote socialist ideology identity in theory is how to realize the socialist core values of the identity. Because in the period of social transformation, the pluralistic value of different interests based view of value conflict and may even cause the value of identity crisis. Based on the reconstruction of value identity is the recognition of the intrinsic value demands of resolution of the crisis. This is the nature of value identity crisis, value identity and value The internal logic of decision process. The fundamental identity of contemporary Chinese value identity reconstruction is the identity of socialist core values. Through actively cultivate socialist core values to enhance cognitive identity, promote the socialist core values of daily life to enhance the emotional identity, actively practice the socialist core values enhanced behavior identity, which highlights the value of socialist core values the leading role of the formation of a harmonious, stable, vibrant life value order. At present, with the deepening of reform and opening-up, has greatly changed the background, the dominant position of socialist ideology is being challenged and showed identity weakening trend, the prominent urgent problems are: false identity the realization of public interests in education; there is still a gap between the explanatory power of object identity; decline; social main There is a tendency of emptiness of the righteousness of the ideology theory of propaganda; diversified social thought of the mainstream ideology identity challenges. Therefore, the basic method we must handle well the dominance and diversity, idealization and secularization, generalization and dilution, relationship between criticism and tolerance, and through the implementation of hierarchical education, strengthen the socialist the main ideology building; promote theoretical innovation of socialist ideology, highlighting the identity of text authority; smooth expression of interest, power base of cultivating socialist ideology identity; pay attention to the mass media dissemination way, expand the identity of socialist ideology; optimizing the social environment, the construction of socialist ideology identity external conditions and other ways to enhance the identity of socialist ideology.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D64

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