“气”字惯用词组的语义特征和建构

发布时间：2018-01-16 01:37

本文关键词：“气”字惯用词组的语义特征和建构　出处：《吉林大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 日语中存在着许多带有“气”字的惯用词组。对于我们学习日语的外国人来说，这些惯用词组可以用来帮助我们深入了解日本语言和日本文化的特点。因此，笔者在前人研究的基础上，利用相关辞典，对日语中存在的大量“气”字惯用词组进行了数量及意义的考察和分析。在意义分析部分，首先探讨了“气”字惯用词组的语义特征，然后用认知语言学的理论阐述了“隐喻”及“借代”与这些惯用词组的关联。全文分为六部分。 1、序言介绍本文的研究契机，研究目的和研究意义。 2、前人的研究概况和定义迄今为止，对日语中带有“气”字的惯用词组所进行的研究并不多见，尤其是从认知语言学的角度进行的研究可谓少之又少。笔者尝试从认知语言学这一新的视角来分析“气”的惯用词组。另外，本文在前人所下定义的基础上，对惯用词组进行了重新界定。 3、调查概要为了突出重点，，本文限定了调查的对象，首先对由单独的“气”字构成的惯用词组进行了考察和分析。然后从五部辞典中把符合条件的惯用词组一一选出，按照词性分为五类。 4、数量分析通过对“气”字惯用词组进行量的统计和分析，我们发现“气”的惯用词组主要集中在动词上。另外，构成动词性惯用词组的动词除了肯定形式以外，还表现为否定，被动，使役等形式。从惯用词组整体来看，成对出现的表达方式占有很大比例。从形式上看，形容词容易构成反义词，它构成了形容词性“气”字惯用词组往往成对出现的原因。与此相对，日语的自他动词导致了动词性“气”字惯用词组经常以成对的形式出现。 5、语义分析这一部分首先把数量较多的形容词性“气”字惯用词组、动词性惯用词组按照语义分为6类。通过分析，得出如下结论：在动词性“气”字惯用词组中，表示“感情”意思的最多，占总数的62％，其中表示消极感情的数量最多。而形容词性惯用词组则更多表示人的性格。另外，自他成对出现的动词性“气”字惯用词组在语义上并不完全相同，形式上成对出现的形容词性“气”字惯用词组在语义上也并未完全构成反义。另外，正如日本学者芳贺绥所述，语言一方面反映着国民性，另一方面又起着传承国民性的作用。比如：通过“气”字惯用词组我们可以窥测到日本文化以及日本的国民性。最后，举例分析了“气”字惯用词组语义形成的动机。它集中表现为以相似性为基础的隐喻性动机和以相邻性为基础的借代性动机。 6、结尾原本表示自然现象的“气”字传到日本后，被日本人频繁使用于表示精神方面的惯用词组。有人认为这是日本人“与自然和谐相处”的自然观在语言上的反映。笔者在前人研究的基础上，利用相关资料，对日语中大量存在的带有“气”字的惯用词组进行了数量及意义上的分析。在意义考察部分，除了分析了“气”字惯用词组的语义特征外，还从认知语言学的角度分析了“气”字惯用词组形成的动机。有学者认为“由单个词的意思无法理解惯用词组的真正含义”。通过本文的考察和分析，笔者认为：从认知语言学的研究角度我们可以抓住“气”字惯用词组的语义特征。由于时间及笔者的能力所限，本文只是对由“气”字本身所构成的惯用词组进行了重点的考察和分析，今后将从其它角度对“气”字惯用词组做进一步的考察和研究。
[Abstract]:There are a lot of "gas" word in Japanese idiomatic phrases for foreigners. We learn Japanese, these idiomatic phrases can be used to help us understand the characteristics of Japanese language and Japanese culture. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies, using the dictionary, a large number of "gas" in Japanese idiomatic phrases were investigated and analyzed. The number and significance of significance in the analysis part, firstly discusses the semantic features of "Qi" word idiomatic phrases, and then use the theory of cognitive linguistics describes the "metaphor" and "metonymy" with these idiomatic phrases. The text is divided into six parts.
1, preface
This paper introduces the research opportunity, the purpose and the significance of the study.
2, the general survey and definition of the predecessors
So far, research on a "gas" word in Japanese idiomatic phrases are rare, especially the studies are from the perspective of cognitive linguistics is few. The author attempts to analyze the "gas" from a new perspective of cognitive linguistics, idiomatic phrases. In addition, based on the definition given by the author in the past, redefines the idiomatic phrases.
3, a summary of the survey
In order to lay stress on the key points, this paper limited the object of investigation. Firstly, we investigated and analyzed the idiomatic phrases consisting of single "Qi". Then we selected the qualified idioms from five dictionaries and divided them into five categories according to their parts of speech.
4, quantitative analysis
Statistics and analysis of the "gas" word idiomatic phrases, we found that the "gas" idiomatic phrases mainly focus on verbs. In addition, a verb of idiomatic phrases in addition to certain forms of verbs, but also for the negative, passive, causative form. From the usual word group overall, has a large way the proportion of expression pairs. In form, easy to constitute the adjective antonyms, which causes the adjective "gas" the word often idiomatic phrases in pairs. In contrast, Japanese intransitive verbs led to the verb "gas" idiomatic phrases often appear in pairs.
5, semantic analysis
This part first put a large number of "gas" adjective word idiomatic phrases, verb phrases are divided into 6 categories according to the semantic. Through the analysis, draw the following conclusion: in the verb "gas" word idiomatic phrases, said "the most interesting feelings", accounting for 62% of the total number of negative feelings, said the the most. And the adjective idiomatic phrases are more representation of human character. In addition, since he paired the verb "gas" idiomatic phrases are not exactly the same in meaning and form in pairs on the adjective "gas" word idiomatic phrases in terms of meaning is not completely composed of antisense.
In addition, as the Japanese scholar HAGA Suisuo the language on the one hand reflects the national character, on the other hand also plays the role of the national heritage. For example: the word "gas" idiomatic phrases we can see that the Japanese culture and Japanese national character.
Finally, the example analysis of "gas" word semantic formation of idiomatic phrases. It focuses on the motivation based on similarities of metaphorical motivation based and proximity based metonymy motivation.
6, the end
Originally said the natural phenomenon of "gas" to Japan, is frequently used in Japanese said the spirit of the idiomatic phrases. Some people think that this is Japanese "harmony with nature" view of nature in the language reflected. On the basis of previous studies, the use of relevant data, the existence of a large number of Japanese with the "gas" word idiomatic phrases are analyzed and the number of sense. In the part of the survey, in addition to the semantic feature analysis of "gas" word idiomatic phrases, but also from the perspective of cognitive linguistics analysis of the "gas" word formation motivation of idiomatic phrases. Some scholars believe that "a single word can not to understand the true meaning of" idiomatic phrases. Through investigation and analysis, the author of this article thinks that semantic features from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, we can grasp the "gas" word idiomatic phrases.
Due to the limitation of time and the ability of the author, this article only focuses on the analysis and analysis of the idiomatic phrases consisting of "Qi" itself, and will further investigate and study the idiomatic phrases from the other angles.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：H36

【引证文献】