中日同形语的对照研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 16:19

本文选题：同形词 + 词汇体系　；参考：《山东师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 中日两国“一衣带水”,文化交流源远流长,经常被称作“同文同种”。两千多年的友好交流历史,使两国在文化上保持着十分密切的联系。而汉字作为中日文化交流的桥梁更发挥着尤为重要的作用。中国和日本属于共同的汉字文化圈,共同使用汉字,所以中日两国的语言中存在着大量的同形词。但是,这种同形词不仅在读音上存在差异,而且连意思也不尽相同。这对两国文化交流及语言学习者来说,利弊互存。例如,一部分汉字,由于在意思和用法上两国存在差异,运用时容易望文生义,导致理解偏差,从而给两国的语言学习者造成障碍。本文在前人研究的基础上,填补研究空白,把词汇体系导入同形词研究中,从对比语言学和数量统计分析的角度出发,对中日同形词进行了系统的分析研究。以词义差别为依据,对同形词进行了分类,并明确了其分布状态。在此基础上,列举了各个分布领域的同形词,并以这些同形词为中心,从语体特征、词义特征两方面着手,探究引起同形词词义差别的原因及同形词的变化趋势。把词汇体系导入同形词进行的研究,是同形词研究的初次尝试,也是本文的真正价值所在。本研究为对外汉语教学和国内日语教学提供了一定的理论依据和丰富的材料,对中日语言交流史研究方面也起到了参考作用。全文由以下内容组成: 第一部分绪论,说明选择该选题的原因,并在此基础上导入正题。第二部分,分析中日同形词先行研究,确立本文的立场。论述本文的研究对象、研究方法、研究目的和意义。以对比语言学为理论依据,在同形词研究中导入词汇体系。着重从语体方面的意义特征、词义方面的意义特征两个角度分析,探寻引起同形词意义偏差的原因以及同形词的变化倾向。本研究对中日两国的词汇教学以及加强中日文化交流有着重要意义。第三部分,论述了中日同形词的概念、判断基准以及同形词的分类。根据大河内康宪先行研究已有的成果,总结了同形词的三个要点: ①字形相同的汉字(忽略字体的繁简以及送假名、形容动词词尾等非汉字因素)。 ②有共同出处的和历史上有关联的词汇。 ③目前中日两国语言中仍在使用的词汇。根据中日同形词在词义上的差别,本文将同形词分为三大类,并通过列举大量实例对各个分类进行了详细而明确的说明论述。第四部分,将词汇体系导入同形词的研究分析。通过作图表、对词汇进行数量统计、比率分析等方式,对《分类词汇表》中的中日同形词进行数量统计,得出如下的结论: ①《分类词汇表》中同形同义词数量最多,其次是同形类义词,数量最少的是同形异义词。 ②从词性方面来看,名词在中日同形词中占的分量最大。其次是形容词和副词类,最少的是接续词和感叹词。在名词中又以描写人类活动、精神或行为的词居多,其次是描写抽象关系方面的词和有关自然物、自然现象,人类活动主体的词汇。最少的是物品和用具方面的词。形容词和副词类中,以抽象关系方面的词居多,其次是描写人类活动、精神和行为的词,最少的则是自然物和自然现象方面的词。第五部分,不同意义领域同形词的对比研究。作为本文的中心部分,着重对不同意义领域中的中日同形词分别从语体、词义两个方面加以论述。明确语体和词义的意义特征,探索引起中日同形词差别的原因,探讨其变化趋势。本文中的“文体”不是指一般意义上的文章的体裁,而是指词汇的修辞语用价值。在界定了范围的基础上,本文从三个方面对语体特征进行了论述。第一,具体分类。中日同形词按语体分为书面语、口语、混合型三个类型。第二,分布特征。书面语类型占的比重最大,其次是混合型,最后是口语类型。第三,分析引起同形词语体差异的原因。中日两国历史、社会文化存在的差异是引起语体差异的最大原因。在论述词义特征的时候,首先对中日同形类义词进行了详细的说明。根据同形词词义和语感的差异,对同形类义词进行了详细分类。然后从八个方面探讨了引起同形词词义差别的原因。 ①词义的比喻和方言俚语的转用。 ②借用以及古代汉语对语义的影响(包括意思的扩大和缩小)。 ③读音不同引起语义的差别。 ④词汇褒贬色彩变化的影响。 ⑤社会、国情、制度和文化背景的影响。 ⑥外来语汉译的影响。 ⑦构词法的差异。 ⑧语素虚实的差异。从多角度对同形词词义差别的原因进行了客观、立体的考察。总之,正是由于中日两国语言文化和语言系统存在差异,才使得词义随着时间的推移而发生变化。而且,这个变化与两国的文化、历史以及国民的思维方式有着密切的联系。语言学习者对有词义差别的中日同形词给予充分的关注,并且很好地理解引起词义偏差的原因,就可以在交际或使用过程中避免误解和误用。第六部分,总结全文,提出今后的课题研究方向。进行中日同形词体系化的对比研究,是全面、系统地了解中日同形词特征的有效方法之一。但是,体系化地研究同形词尚处在初始阶段,今后需不断完善,可从历时语言学、共时语言学等方面进行多领域、深层次的研究。
[Abstract]:China and Japan have a long history of cultural exchanges, which are often called the same kind. The friendly exchanges between the two countries for more than two thousand years have kept the two countries closely related to culture. The common use of Chinese characters, therefore, there are a large number of homomorphic words in the Chinese and Japanese languages. However, this homomorphic word is not only different in pronunciation, but also different in meaning. For the cultural exchange of the two countries and language learners, the advantages and disadvantages exist. For example, some Chinese characters are different in their meaning and usage. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the Chinese and Japanese homology from the perspective of contrastive linguistics and quantitative analysis. On the basis of this, the homomorphic words are classified and their distribution states are clearly defined. On this basis, the homomorphic words in the various distribution fields are enumerated, and taking these homomorphic words as the center, the reasons for the difference of the meaning of the homomorphic words and the changing trend of the homomorphism are explored from the two aspects of the features of the corpus and the meaning of the word. The study, which is the first attempt of the study of homomorphism, is also the real value of this article. This study provides a certain theoretical basis and rich material for teaching Chinese as a foreign language and the teaching of domestic Japanese, and has also played a reference role in the study of the history of Chinese and Japanese language communication.
The full text is composed of the following:
The first part is an introduction to explain the reasons for choosing this topic and introduce the topic on this basis.
The second part is to analyze the Chinese and Japanese homomorphic words in advance, to establish the position of this article, to discuss the object of the study, the method of research, the purpose and significance of the study. The cause of the meaning deviation of the homomorphic words and the change tendency of the homomorphic words. This study is of great significance to the vocabulary teaching of the two countries and to strengthen the cultural communication between China and Japan.
In the third part, the concept of the Chinese and Japanese homograph, the criterion of judgment and the classification of the homograph are discussed. According to the achievements of the study of Kang Xian in the great river, the three main points of the homograph are summed up.
(1) the Chinese characters with the same shape (ignoring the simpleness of the font, giving the pseudonym, and describing the non Chinese factors such as the ending of the verb).
2. There are common sources and historical words.
(3) the words currently used in Chinese and Japanese languages.
According to the differences in the meaning of Chinese and Japanese homomorphic words, this paper divides the homomorphic words into three categories, and gives a detailed and clear exposition of the various classifications by enumerating a large number of examples.
The fourth part introduces the research and analysis of the lexical system into the homomorphic words. Through the chart, the quantity statistics and the ratio analysis of the vocabulary, the quantity statistics of the Chinese and Japanese homomorphs in the classification vocabulary are counted, and the following conclusions are drawn:
(1) the number of synonymous synonyms in the classified vocabulary > is the largest, followed by homomorphic synonyms, and the least number is homonyms.
In terms of part of speech, noun is the largest component in Chinese and Japanese homology. Secondly, it is adjectives and accessory words, the least of which is continuous words and exclamations. In nouns, there are many words describing human activity, spirit or behavior, followed by words describing abstract relations and natural objects, natural phenomena, and human activities subject words. The least is the words of articles and utensils. In adjectives and accessory words, the most of the words are in the abstract relation, followed by the words describing human activity, spirit and behavior, and the least of the words of natural and natural phenomena.
The fifth part, the contrastive study of the homomorphism in different fields of meaning. As the central part of this article, we focus on the two aspects of the Chinese and Japanese homomorphs in different meanings from the style of language and the meaning of the word, to clarify the meaning of the style and meaning, to explore the reasons for the difference between the Chinese and Japanese homomorphs, and to explore the trend of their change.
The "style" in this article is not the genre of the general meaning, but the rhetorical value of the vocabulary. On the basis of the definition of the scope, the text is discussed from three aspects. First, the specific classification. The Chinese and Japanese homology are divided into three types, written in written, spoken and mixed, second, distribution characteristics. The proportion of the type of facial language is the largest, followed by the mixed type, and the last is the type of spoken language. Third, the reasons for the difference of the homomorphic words are analyzed. The history of the two countries and the differences in social culture are the most important reasons for the difference of the style of the language.
When the meaning of word meaning is discussed, first of all, the Chinese and Japanese synonyms are explained in detail. According to the differences of the meaning and sense of the homonym, the homonym is classified in detail. Then the reasons for the difference of the meaning of the homonym are discussed from eight aspects.
(1) the metaphor of word meaning and the transfer of dialect slang.
(2) borrowing and the influence of ancient Chinese on Semantics (including the enlargement and narrowing of meaning).
The difference in pronunciation causes the difference of semantics.
(4) words commendatory and derogate the influence of color change.
The influence of society, national conditions, system and cultural background.
The influence of the Chinese translation of foreign language.
The difference in word formation.
The difference in the virtual reality of the morpheme.
The reasons for the difference in the meaning of the word of the same word are objectively and stereoscopic. In a word, it is the difference between the Chinese and Japanese language and culture and the language system, which makes the word meaning change with the passage of time. Moreover, this change is closely related to the culture, history and the way of thinking of the two countries. The learners give full attention to the Chinese and Japanese homomorphic words with different meanings, and understand the causes of the deviation of the word meaning well, and avoid misunderstandings and misuse in the process of communication or use.
The sixth part, summing up the full text and putting forward the future research direction. The comparative study of the systematization of Chinese and Japanese homomorphism is one of the effective ways to understand the characteristics of the Chinese and Japanese homology comprehensively and systematically. However, the systematic study of the homology is still in the initial stage, and it needs to be perfected in the future, and it can be from diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics. Carry out a multi - field, deep - level study.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：H363

【相似文献】