助动词“そうた”的形成及其历史变迁之考察

发布时间：2018-05-03 02:28

本文选题：助动词 + “そぅだ”　；参考：《浙江工商大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现代日语语法中,这一助动词,既表示传闻又可表示样态。同一个助动词通过不同的接续可以衍生出两种语法功能,这在日语中也是少有的现象。关于“的语源,多数语言学家认为它是由名词助动词化而形成的。至于具体到是由哪个名词与哪个助动词或动词结合而成,学界没有统一之说。其中由“相”字后接助动词“”和动词“めり”的呼声较高。本文以此为出发点,以日本古典文学大系所收录的文献为线索,考察助动词“そらだ”的形成过程。同时,分析“’在不同形式时期,前接词的接续、活用、否定形式、意义用法等情况。镰仓时代,名词“相”开始出现后接动词“有り”和助动词“也”的现象。但从它的前接词接续、活用、否定形式、意义用法来看,两个词还没有合成为一个新词的征兆,意义用法上还是与“相”相接近。室町时代,“相有り”渐渐消失,“相也”开始书写为““相なり”的前接词接续仍然是连体形。终止形、连体形之外没有其它活用出现,也没有自己的否定表达方式。意义用法上,除了“相”的本意之外,衍生出了“倾向”、“推量”两个意思。这些要素表明,也仍然未生成一个独立的词。江户时代初期,“相なり”以假名的形式书写成“。前接词接续上,首次出现了多个动词以连用形接续的现象。同时,名词、形容词、形容动词均是以词干的形式与“”接续。活用上,也出现了终止形、连体形。但是,它依旧没有自己的否定方式。意义用法有：“推量”、“檬子”、“倾向”这些要素上的改变,预示着“’正在向一个独立的助动词进行合成。江户中期,’渐渐消失,取而代之的是的前接词有动词、助动词、名词、形容词、形容动词、格助词。动词有四种形态与“接续。名词、形容词、形容动词除词干与接续外,还出现了连体形等接续方式。形容词“出现了词干和两种接续方式共存的现象。活用上,出现了终止形、连体形、连用形、已然形、中顿形。此外,否定表现上也有新的突破。出现了四种否定形式,分别是：い”。意义用法达到了7种,其中包括传闻用法的出现。以上要素的成熟,表明已经成为一个独立的助动词。江户中期和末期,和“”相继出现,它们和“共存一段时间后取代了“和“的前接词、活用、否定形式、意义用法均受到“的影响,没有多大变动。江户末期,助动词“形成。前接词有动词、形容词、形容动词、名词。动词有四种接续方式,形容动词以词干接续,形容词有词干与连体形两种方式,名词有词干与名词后附“だ”两种方式。否定形式出现了“意义用法有7种：“檬态”、“推量”、“O闻”、“婉曲”、“倾向”、“屯“比喻”。其中值得注意的是,表示“伍闻”的例句所占比例第一。
[Abstract]:In modern Japanese grammar, this auxiliary verb can indicate both hearsay and form. Two grammatical functions can be derived from the same auxiliary verb through different continuity, which is also a rare phenomenon in Japanese. As for the etymology of "", most linguists believe that it is formed by the noun auxiliary verb. There is no unified theory as to which noun is combined with which auxiliary verb or verb. Among them, the words "Xiang" followed by the auxiliary verb "" and the verb "Li" are higher. Taking this as the starting point and taking the literature collected by the Department of Classical Literature in Japan as the clue, this paper investigates the formation process of the auxiliary verb. At the same time, the paper analyzes the continuity, usage, negation, meaning and so on of the antecedents in different forms. In Kamakura period, the noun "phase" began to appear after the verb "have" and the auxiliary verb "also" phenomenon. However, from the point of view of its successive, active, negative form and meaning usage, the two words have not been synthesized into a sign of a new word, and the meaning of the two words is still close to that of "phase". In the period of Muromachi, Xiangyou Li gradually disappeared, and Xiang also began to write "Xiangzhuo" in the form of a contiguous form. There is no active appearance beyond the body, and no negative expression of its own. In terms of meaning, in addition to the original intention of "Xiang", there are two meanings of "tendency" and "pushing". These elements indicate that a separate word is still not produced. At the beginning of the Edo era, the book was written in the form of a pseudonym. The phenomenon of multiple verbs in conjunction with form appears for the first time. At the same time, nouns, adjectives and verbs are followed by stem. Live use, also appeared the final form, even body shape. But it still has no way of negating itself. The changes in the elements of "push", "Li Zi" and "inclination" indicate that''is being combined into an independent auxiliary verb. In the middle of Edo, the words are replaced by verbs, auxiliary verbs, nouns, adjectives, descriptive verbs and case aids. Verbs have four forms and continuations. Nouns, adjectives, describe verbs, in addition to stem and succession, but also the appearance of connective forms. Adjective "appeared the phenomenon that stem and two kinds of successive way coexist." In practical use, there appears the final shape, the body shape, the continuous form, the already shaped, the middle form. In addition, there are new breakthroughs in negative performance. There are four forms of negation, namely, "Li". There are 7 kinds of meaning usage, including hearsay usage. The maturation of the above elements indicates that it has become an independent auxiliary verb. In the middle and final stages of Edo, and "he" appeared one after another, and they and "co-existed for a period of time" instead of "he" before the word, live use, negative form, meaning are affected by "", not much change. At the end of Edo, the auxiliary verb "formed." There are verbs, adjectives, verbs, nouns. Verbs have four successive ways, which describe verbs by stem, adjective by stem and conjunctive form, noun by stem and noun with "Li". There are seven forms of negation: "lemon", "pushing", "O smell", "euphemism", "tendency" and "Tun" metaphor. It is worth noting that the proportion of example sentences indicating "Wu Wen" is the highest.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H36

【参考文献】