日中“非疑问功能”疑问句的对照研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 10:54

【摘要】： 疑问句的基本功能是说话人用疑问句向听话人提出问题,并寻求回答。然而,有一些疑问句从语法结构上看是疑问句,可从其传递功能上看,并非是向听话人寻求信息,而是另有其意。本论文中将具有上述功能的疑问句称为具有“非疑问功能”的疑问句。并且立足于日中两语言的音声资料的日常生活场景中,抽出一般疑问句与特殊疑问句,使其各自的“非疑问功能”明了化。本研究从语用学的角度,侧重于上下文和语境,分析了疑问句“寻求信息”以外的功能,也就是其交流用的功能。本论文首先对日中两语言中典型的疑问句以及具有“非疑问功能”的疑问句的先行研究做了归纳和分析。然后,依据一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的语言形式特征,从日中两语言的音声材料中抽出具有“非疑问功能”的疑问句,参照先行研究的研究结果,考察它们的使用状态和特征,以及具有的共通点与不同点。通过以上分析,得出了以下的使用现象。共同点有以下5点: 1)不论在日文还是中文中,疑问句都具有四种句型的功能。 2)在日中两语言中,疑问句的“非疑问功能”——“陈述表出”、“态度表出”、“指示表示”、“意图表出”、“寒暄表出”、“交流表出”都非常相似。 3)疑问代词的非疑问功能在日中两语言里有很多共通点。 4)同样的疑问句,所在的语境不同,就会出现不同的表达功能。 5)同一个疑问句,在某一个使用场面,会同时具有几种不同的功能。从心理性格与语言使用习惯的角度来看,不同点有以下5点: 1)表达否定主张时,中国人比日本人多用肯定疑问句或特殊疑问句。 2)在请求他人时,日语中会用到肯定或否定这两种疑问句式,可是汉语中,只使用肯定疑问句。 3)在邀请别人时,日语中会用到肯定或否定这两种疑问句式,而在汉语中,肯定疑问句的使用要多于否定疑问句。 4)在使用特殊疑问句寻求别人的同情理解时,日语中经常被使用,而在汉语中却没有此种用法。 5)日本人在听完对方的话时,比起中国人,爱用疑问形式的随声附和。
[Abstract]:The basic function of interrogative sentences is to ask questions and answer them. However, some interrogative sentences are questions from the grammatical point of view, but from the point of view of their transmission function, they are not to seek information from the hearer, but to have another meaning. In this thesis, the above-mentioned interrogative sentences are called non-doubt questions. And based on the daily life scene of Japanese and Chinese phonetic and acoustic data, general interrogative sentences and special interrogative sentences are extracted to make their respective "non-interrogative functions" clear. From the perspective of pragmatics, this study focuses on context and context, and analyzes the functions of interrogative sentences other than "seeking information", which is the function of communication. This thesis first summarizes and analyzes the typical interrogative sentences and non-interrogative sentences in Japanese and Chinese languages. Then, according to the linguistic characteristics of general interrogative and special interrogative sentences, the non-interrogative sentences with "non-interrogative function" are extracted from the phonological and acoustic materials of Japanese and Chinese languages, and their usage status and characteristics are investigated with reference to the results of previous studies. And has the common point and the difference point. Through the above analysis, the use of the following phenomenon. The common points are as follows: 1) in both Japanese and Chinese, interrogative sentences have four functions. 2) in Japanese and Chinese, the "non-interrogative functions" of interrogative sentences are very similar in terms of statement, attitude, indication, intention, communication and communication. 3) the non-interrogative function of interrogative pronouns has many common points in Japanese and Chinese languages. 4) the same interrogative sentence, in different context, will have different expression function. 5) the same question will have several different functions at the same time. From the point of view of psychological character and language usage habits, the differences are as follows: 1) when expressing negative opinions, Chinese people use more positive questions or special questions than Japanese. 2) positive or negative questions are used in Japanese, but only positive questions are used in Chinese. 3) when inviting others, positive or negative questions are used in Japanese, while in Chinese, positive questions are used more than negative ones. 4) Japanese is often used in seeking sympathy from others when using special questions, but it is not used in Chinese. 5) when Japanese listen to each other, they tend to echo in the form of questioning compared to Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H36

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