扬州与徽州砖雕艺术特色比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 22:09

本文选题：扬州 + 徽州　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国砖雕艺术源远流长,早在周代就发现了方砖艺术沿至明清砖雕艺术达到巅峰。砖雕艺术题材丰富,技法精湛,不仅给建筑披上了美的“外衣”,更多的也传达着劳动人民的思想情感,体现着某一区域的文化特征,承载着深厚的文化内涵,是中华文化瑰宝之一。本文选取具有代表性的扬州与徽州砖雕艺术,主要研究两地砖雕繁荣的清代时期。将两地砖雕艺术进行比较有利于凸显各自艺术本质,彰显地域文化符号,留有地方气韵,避免千篇一律。此外,学术界对于徽州砖雕的研究较为详尽有一定的理论体系,本文以此为参考系与扬州砖雕进行比较研究,用比较学的研究方法则可以相对客观、公正的评估研究对象,从而有助于正确把握和定位扬州砖雕特征。扬州与徽州砖雕艺术特色分别代表了同时期两地相异的文化特征,承载着深厚的文化内涵,呈现出迥异的形式与风格。这并非由于两地雕刻艺术和使用方式的主体之间有意识的创造力所导致的差异,而是在自然地理条件、经济、文化等众多外部因素的影响下,选择了不同的材料、雕刻工具和雕刻技法等内部因素来满足要求,最终呈现的解决方案自然不同。本文首先从装饰题材、艺术特点、建筑装饰应用等形式风格方面比较扬州与徽州砖雕艺术特色,并以两地砖雕门楼为例进行装饰艺术特点比较,可以发现二者之间存在着广泛而深层的相似,同时也凸显着各自的不同点。然后,探究造成两地砖雕艺术特色迥异的原因,分别从影响砖雕的内、外部因素进行比较研究。从砖雕“形式及风格的比较”推导出材料、工具和雕刻技法影响砖雕的内部因素,进而比较与其呈现的艺术形态和应用紧密相关的地理环境、历史背景、经济影响等外部因素,可以发现无论是艺术形态与应用的相似,还是发展历程的相左,都是外部因素与内部因素紧密联系与作用的结果。最后,发现扬州与徽州砖雕的本质不在于它们呈现出怎样的面貌,也不在于它们使用了怎样的材料、工具和雕刻技法,而在于它们是为了达到什么“目的性”所被创造和被使用的,以及它们如何利用材料、工具和方法来实现目标。从影响砖雕艺术特点的深层原因探讨,除了“内、外因素”导致砖雕艺术产生差异性外,还有其他的审美观念、人文思想等众多外部因素的限制下,选择了不同的材料、工具和方式等内部因素来满足要求,最终呈现的解决方案自然不同。此外,通过比较研究得到启示,扬州与徽州砖雕艺术的发展既要强调艺术的独特性彰显区域文化,也要支持文化多样性中的相互融合。
[Abstract]:Chinese brick carving art dates back to ancient times, as early as Zhou Dynasty, the brick art of square brick reached its peak in Ming and Qing dynasties. Brick carving art is rich in subject matter and exquisite in technique. It not only puts a beautiful "coat" on the building, but also conveys the thoughts and feelings of the working people, embodies the cultural characteristics of a certain region, and carries a profound cultural connotation. It is one of the treasures of Chinese culture. This article chooses the representative brick carving art of Yangzhou and Huizhou, and mainly studies the Qing Dynasty when the brick carvings of the two places flourished. The comparison of brick carving art between the two places is beneficial to highlight their artistic essence, highlight regional cultural symbols, leave local charm, and avoid stereotyping. In addition, the academic circles have a certain theoretical system for the study of Huizhou brick carving in detail. This paper takes this as a reference system and Yangzhou brick sculpture for comparative study, using comparative research methods can be relatively objective and fair evaluation of the object of study. Thus, it helps to correctly grasp and position the characteristics of Yangzhou brick carving. The artistic characteristics of brick carving in Yangzhou and Huizhou represent different cultural characteristics of the same period, bearing profound cultural connotations and showing different forms and styles. This is not the result of the conscious creativity between the subjects of sculpture and use, but the choice of different materials under the influence of many external factors, such as physical and geographical conditions, economy, culture, etc. Internal factors such as engraving tools and engraving techniques to meet the requirements, the final solution is naturally different. First of all, this paper compares the artistic characteristics of brick carving in Yangzhou and Huizhou from the aspects of decoration theme, artistic characteristics, architectural decoration application and so on. It can be found that there are extensive and deep similarities between the two, but also highlight their differences. Then, to explore the cause of the different artistic characteristics of brick carving, from the impact of the internal and external factors of comparative study. From the comparison of forms and styles of brick sculptures, the internal factors of materials, tools and engraving techniques affecting brick carving are deduced, and then the external factors closely related to the artistic form and application are compared, such as geographical environment, historical background, economic influence and so on. It can be found that both the similarity of artistic form and application, or the difference of development process, are the result of the close connection and action between external and internal factors. Finally, it is found that the essence of brick sculptures in Yangzhou and Huizhou is not what they look like, nor what materials, tools and engraving techniques they use. Rather, they are created and used for what purpose they are, and how they use materials, tools, and methods to achieve their goals. From the deep reasons that affect the characteristics of brick carving art, in addition to "internal and external factors" which lead to the difference of brick carving art, there are many external factors, such as other aesthetic concepts, humanistic thoughts, and so on, which restrict the selection of different materials. Internal factors such as tools and methods to meet the requirements, the resulting solution is naturally different. In addition, through comparative study, the development of brick sculpture art in Yangzhou and Huizhou should not only emphasize the uniqueness of art to highlight regional culture, but also support the integration of cultural diversity.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J314.9

【参考文献】