笛声悠扬－印度教影响下的缅甸佛教造像艺术

发布时间：2018-06-26 14:10

本文选题：印度教艺术 + 佛教艺术　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：缅甸,东南亚的重要国家。在漫长的文化发展过程中,佛教文化逐渐成为其发展的内核。缅甸的佛教造像艺术从一开始就受到了印度教造像艺术的影响。具体来说分为如下几个阶段。第一阶段,是公元4至10世纪。这一阶段是印度教影响缅甸佛教艺术的最初阶段。佛教造像艺术集中分布在缅甸南部的室利差咀罗古城遗址附近,缅甸中部地区有零星发现。从造像样种类来看,佛像成为这一时期最主要的佛教造像题材。早期的佛教造像题材较为单一,材料的使用上也并不多。这都成为了缅甸早期佛教造像艺术的重要特征。在造像的样式上来看,早期佛教造像样式较为简洁,与印度萨尔纳特样式较为接近,装饰不多。第二阶段为公元10至13世纪。缅甸南部造像犹然存在,而以蒲甘为中心的曼德勒地区佛教造像成为这一阶段最为重要的造像地区,出现了大量佛教造像及建筑遗迹。这一时期的造像题材得到大量丰富,菩萨像增多,特别是本生故事和佛传故事成为这一阶段最为常见的造像题材。由于缅甸蒲甘城有大量佛教塔寺遗存,建筑壁画成为这一时期十分突出的造像题材。具体造像方面,这一时期的佛教造像基本形成了"面短而圆"的形象定式。佛教造像的种类增多,造像的精美程度要比前一阶段高很多。印度教造像开始全面地影响了佛教造像的具体内容。第三阶段为公元14至19世纪。这一时期的佛教造像在缅北地区有大量出现,佛教造像由南部、中部、北部三方面共同组成。题材主要有单尊造像、本生故事等。造像在这一阶段走向了繁缛装饰化道路,造像的表面、结构等都成为装饰纹样重要的表现"区域"。
[Abstract]:Burma is an important country in Southeast Asia. In the long process of cultural development, Buddhist culture has gradually become the core of its development. Myanmar's Buddhist statue art was influenced by Hindu statue art from the beginning. Specifically, it can be divided into the following stages. The first stage was from the 4 th to the 10 th century AD. This stage was the first stage in which Hinduism influenced Buddhist art in Myanmar. Buddhist statues are concentrated near the ruins of the ancient city of Sri Lanka in southern Myanmar, where sporadic discoveries have been made. In terms of the types of statues, the Buddha became the most important subject of Buddhist statues in this period. The subject matter of early Buddhist statues is relatively simple, and the use of materials is not much. This has become an important feature of the early Buddhist statue art in Myanmar. In the style of the statue, the early Buddhist statue style is more concise, close to the Indian Sarnet style, not much decoration. The second stage was from the 10 th to the 13 th century AD. The statues of southern Myanmar still exist, and the Buddhist statues in Mandalay region, centered in Bagan, have become the most important areas in this stage, and a large number of Buddhist statues and architectural relics have appeared. In this period, the themes of the statues were abundant, and the bodhisattva images were increased, especially the stories of this life and the stories of the Buddha were the most common subjects in this period. Due to a large number of Buddhist pagodas remains in Pagan, Myanmar, architectural murals have become a very prominent theme of this period. In the aspect of concrete statues, the Buddhist statues of this period basically formed the image formula of "short face and round". The variety of Buddhist statues has increased, and the beauty of the statues is much higher than in the previous stage. Hindu statues began to have an overall impact on the specific content of Buddhist statues. The third stage was from the 14 th to the 19 th century AD. The Buddhist statues of this period appeared in the northern part of Myanmar. The Buddhist statues were made up of three parts: the south, the middle and the north. The subject matter mainly has the single statue, this life story and so on. In this stage, the statue has gone to the road of elaborate decoration, the surface and structure of the statue have become the important expression of decorative pattern "region".
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J315

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