北京玉雕的保护与传承
发布时间：2018-09-13 09:58
【摘要】：自2001年昆曲艺术被联合国教科文组织公布为“人类口头和非物质遗产代表作”至今,我国非物质文化遗产保护工作已走过了近17年。非物质文化遗产保护的开展,更加强调了传统文化的价值,使其更富有时代意义。我国的国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录,将非物质文化遗产名录项目分为十大类别。北京玉雕2008年被列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录,成为传统美术类项目之一。北京玉雕具有近750年的传承历史并且至今仍在民间活态传承。从元、明、清三代的宫廷文化基础上发展而来的北京玉雕,材美工巧,蕴含着深厚的文化内涵,在我国传统文化中占有不可撼动的地位。作为非物质文化遗产项目,北京玉雕本身既含有经济属性,又具有文化属性,蕴含着丰富的价值。因此,本文对北京玉雕的考察研究需综合运用社会学、文化学、人类学、美学等学科方法。自元代至近代社会,北京玉雕有着辉煌灿烂的历史成就,更是在新中国成立之后的1950年至1990年之间,为我国传统美术的发展创新、为国家的出口创汇做出了巨大的贡献。但是自1990年后至今,投身市场经济的北京玉雕,发展状况却每况愈下,不断萎缩,出现了传承人老龄化严重、后继乏人等问题,严重影响到其自身的健康发展。本文从非物质文化遗产的视角,对北京玉雕进行深入的考察研究。探索北京玉雕技艺的保护与传承现状,力求得出北京玉雕目前遇到的问题的解决方式,为北京玉雕应对当下社会提供思考与借鉴。
[Abstract]:Since the art of Kunqu Opera was published by UNESCO as "the representative of human oral and intangible heritage" in 2001, it has been nearly 17 years since the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China. The development of intangible cultural heritage protection emphasizes the value of traditional culture and makes it more meaningful in the times. China's National Intangible Cultural Heritage Project list is divided into ten categories. Beijing Jade carving was listed in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in 2008, becoming one of the traditional art projects. Beijing jade carvings have a history of nearly 750 years and are still alive in the folk. The jade carving of Beijing, which developed from the court culture of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, has a profound cultural connotation and occupies an unshakable position in the traditional culture of our country. As an intangible cultural heritage project, Beijing Jade carving contains both economic and cultural attributes. Therefore, the investigation and study of Beijing jade carvings should be based on sociology, culturology, anthropology, aesthetics and so on. From Yuan Dynasty to modern society, Beijing Jade carving has brilliant historical achievements, and between 1950 and 1990 after the founding of New China, it has made great contribution to the development and innovation of Chinese traditional fine arts and to the export of the country. However, since 1990, the jade carving in Beijing, which has been engaged in market economy, has been deteriorating and shrinking, resulting in problems such as the aging of inheritors and the lack of successors, which have seriously affected their own healthy development. From the perspective of intangible cultural heritage, this paper makes a deep investigation and study on Beijing jade carving. To explore the status of protection and inheritance of Beijing jade carving skills, and strive to obtain the Beijing jade carving problems encountered solutions, for Beijing jade sculpture to respond to the current society to provide reflection and reference.
【学位授予单位】：中国艺术研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J314.9
[Abstract]:Since the art of Kunqu Opera was published by UNESCO as "the representative of human oral and intangible heritage" in 2001, it has been nearly 17 years since the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China. The development of intangible cultural heritage protection emphasizes the value of traditional culture and makes it more meaningful in the times. China's National Intangible Cultural Heritage Project list is divided into ten categories. Beijing Jade carving was listed in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in 2008, becoming one of the traditional art projects. Beijing jade carvings have a history of nearly 750 years and are still alive in the folk. The jade carving of Beijing, which developed from the court culture of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, has a profound cultural connotation and occupies an unshakable position in the traditional culture of our country. As an intangible cultural heritage project, Beijing Jade carving contains both economic and cultural attributes. Therefore, the investigation and study of Beijing jade carvings should be based on sociology, culturology, anthropology, aesthetics and so on. From Yuan Dynasty to modern society, Beijing Jade carving has brilliant historical achievements, and between 1950 and 1990 after the founding of New China, it has made great contribution to the development and innovation of Chinese traditional fine arts and to the export of the country. However, since 1990, the jade carving in Beijing, which has been engaged in market economy, has been deteriorating and shrinking, resulting in problems such as the aging of inheritors and the lack of successors, which have seriously affected their own healthy development. From the perspective of intangible cultural heritage, this paper makes a deep investigation and study on Beijing jade carving. To explore the status of protection and inheritance of Beijing jade carving skills, and strive to obtain the Beijing jade carving problems encountered solutions, for Beijing jade sculpture to respond to the current society to provide reflection and reference.
【学位授予单位】：中国艺术研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J314.9
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