赵翼议论诗研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 15:15

本文关键词： 赵翼议论诗诗歌　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：赵翼是清代乾嘉时期著名的诗人和诗歌理论家。在诗歌创作方面,他与袁枚、蒋士铨齐名,并称“乾隆三大家”,亦称“江右三大家”;在诗歌理论方面,他是性灵派的一员大将,与袁枚、张问陶并称为“性灵派三大家”。此外,赵翼还与王鸣盛、钱大昕并称为乾隆朝三大史学家。“好议论”是赵翼诗的一大特色,议论诗在其诗歌总量中占了相当的比例。以议论入诗在先秦诗歌中已初见端倪,自《诗经》到唐诗,多有涉及议论之篇章。宋代诗人在探索开拓与唐诗不同道路的过程时“略唐人之所详,详唐人之所略”,大力发展以议论入诗,使之成为宋诗有别于唐诗的一个主要特点。但是南宋严羽对“以议论为诗”持批评态度,并引发了后世关于议论能否入诗的争论。清代诗人认同“以议论入诗”者渐多,赵翼论诗不分唐宋,不避以学问、议论入诗,故其议论诗尤多。赵翼诗歌留存数量既多,涉及的面也极广,几乎各种题材、体裁的诗,他都能或明或暗的发表议论。其议论诗主要包含几个方面的内容:一、论诗诗。赵翼借用诗歌的形式阐述自己的诗学理论,探讨诗学问题,并评论前代以及同时期诗人之诗。二、说理诗。赵翼继承了宋诗说理传统,擅于用说理诗抒写对世事的思考,探讨人生的价值,甚至以说理诗来致知格物。三、议论性的咏史怀古诗。赵翼议论性的咏史怀古诗涉及的内容极为广泛,对历史人物、历史事件的评骘公允又能独出心裁,精辟深刻。四、关注社会民生的议论诗。观察敏锐,忧患意识甚浓的赵翼从社会风气、百姓灾荒、战争频仍等角度对社会时事展开了具体而精当的议论。赵翼议论诗特色鲜明,他借作文之法移用于议论诗的创作中,擅于运用举例、比喻、归纳、设问等多种方式展开议论,并且形成了其独特的议论模式,另外他的议论诗还有幽默诙谐的风格。赵翼大量创作议论诗受到多方面因素的影响:首先,他经常出入古贤群集,从中吸取养分,魏晋玄言诗、陶渊明、杜甫、白居易、苏轼、陆游等都是赵翼钻研取法的对象。其次,乾嘉时期诗歌流派间的论争以及整个诗坛好以学为诗、以诗谈艺论学的风尚对他的影响。第三,赵翼不仅是诗人,还是史学家,他的史学目的、史学思维以及史学方法也对其议论诗的创作也产生了巨大的影响。“学人之诗”是清代诗歌的重要特征,赵翼的议论诗是清代“学人之诗”的一个典型代表,研究其诗既有助于更好地全面了解赵翼其人、其诗,还可以将其作为研究清代“学人之诗”的一个有意义的案例。
[Abstract]:Zhao Yi was a famous poet and poetry theorist in the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty. In poetry creation, he was as famous as Yuan Mei and Jiang Shiquan, and he was also known as the "three great schools of Qianlong", also known as the "three great schools of the right of Jiang". In terms of poetic theory, he was a general general of the spiritual school. In addition, Zhao Yi, Wang Mingsheng and Qian Daxin are also known as the three great historians of the Qianlong dynasty. "good discussion" is a major feature of Zhao Yi-shi 's poems. Argumentative poetry accounted for a considerable proportion of the total amount of poetry in the pre-Qin period, from the Book of songs to the Tang poetry. In the process of exploring different ways from Tang poetry, the poets of the Song Dynasty "gave details of the people of the Tang Dynasty and the details of the people of the Tang Dynasty", and vigorously developed the discussion into the poems. But Yan Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty took a critical attitude towards "taking argument as a poem", which led to a debate about whether the discussion could be included in the poem. More and more poets in the Qing Dynasty agreed that "to discuss the poem" was the main characteristic of the poem, but the Southern Song Dynasty Yan Yu took a critical attitude toward "taking discussion as a poem". Zhao Yi did not distinguish between Tang and Song dynasties, and did not avoid learning to discuss poetry. Therefore, there are many poems discussed in Zhao Yi. Zhao Yi's poetry has a large number, involving a wide range of aspects, almost all kinds of themes and genres of poetry. He can make comments either openly or implicitly. His argumentative poems mainly contain several aspects: first, on poetry. Zhao Yi uses the form of poetry to expound his poetics theory and probe into poetics. Zhao Yi inherits the tradition of reasoning in Song poetry, he is good at expressing his thoughts on the world, discusses the value of life, and even expresses his knowledge with reasoning poems. Zhao Yi's argumentative poems on history and nostalgia involve a wide range of contents, and the evaluation of historical figures and historical events is just and insightful and profound. Fourthly, they are concerned with the people's livelihood of the society. Zhao Yi, who has a strong sense of suffering, has launched a concrete and refined discussion on social affairs from the perspectives of social atmosphere, famine among the people, frequent wars, and so on. Zhao Yi's discussion poems have distinctive characteristics, and he uses the method of writing to transfer them to the creation of discussion poems. Good at using examples, metaphors, inductions, questions and other ways to launch discussions, and formed its unique mode of discussion, In addition, his argumentative poems are also humorous and witty. Zhao Yi's extensive writing of argumentative poems is influenced by many factors: first, he often goes out and down the ancient sages and draws nutrients from them. Wei and Jin's metaphysical poems, Tao Yuanming, du Fu, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Lu you and so on are all the objects of Zhao Yi's study of the method. Secondly, the controversy among poetry schools during the Qianjia period and the influence of the style of poetry on art theory in the whole poetry world have a bearing on him. Third, Zhao Yi is not only a poet, but also a historian. His purpose of historiography, historical thinking and methods of historiography also had a great influence on the creation of his argumentative poems. "the Poetry of the Scholars" is an important feature of the poetry of the Qing Dynasty, and Zhao Yi's "Poems of the Scholars" is a typical representative of the "Poems of the Scholars" in the Qing Dynasty. The study of his poems not only contributes to a better understanding of Zhao Yi's poems, but also can be regarded as a meaningful case for the study of scholars' poems in the Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.22

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