论人文主义价值诉求与新时期以来文论话语建构之关联

发布时间：2018-03-07 16:15

本文选题：人文主义　切入点：文论话语　出处：《中国政法大学学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国上个世纪70年代末80年代初的思想解放,完成了类似于文艺复兴和"五四"运动的历史使命的潜动机——把人们从盲目崇拜、极左思想禁锢和虚假的理想主义的梦魇中唤醒,人文主义和科学主义则可以视为其中的两个重要支流。人文主义价值诉求三十多年来的曲折历程对我国新时期以来文艺理论的发展变化产生了重要而深远的影响。"为文学正名"作为新时期文学思潮的标志性口号,其所蕴含的意义不仅仅限于把文学从政治的战车上解脱出来,使之成为独立的存在,根本上说乃是为人正名,是人道主义精神在文学领域的话语表征——即此而言,一种蕴含着人文主义精神的文学理论话语开始形成。就其思想资源而言,早期马克思、卢卡奇与西方马克思主义、弗洛伊德的精神分析主义以及尼采、萨特、海德格尔的存在主义对其形成最为重要;就其话语形态而言,则审美特征论、文学主体性、新理性主义以及中国文化热是其最突出的表现。把"人性"、"人道主义"视为思想解放的目标之一,追问深层意义、揭示对象得以形成的历史原因与文化逻辑,这是马克思与西方马克思主义留给新时期中国文学理论的重要思想与方法论启示,对中国文学理论研究具有深远影响。精神分析主义是以科学的面目出现的人文主义思潮之一,让人们有足够的勇气去面对自己内心世界幽暗的深谷,文学对人的自我意识的探究大大深化了,文学的追问开始超越"是什么"的层面而进入到"为什么"的深度,也不再停留在对文本说出来的东西的审视上,而更愿意去探寻文本背后隐含的深层意义或意味。对中国新时期以来文学理论研究形成最大影响的另一股力量大约要算是存在主义了。海德格尔启发人们用构成性的眼光来看待世界上的一切。萨特的哲学和文学创作让人深深领悟了在世界与人生中无处不在的荒诞感。他把文学艺术活动视为人的存在方式,并视人的自由为其前提。他把文艺看作是一种活动,很关注读者或欣赏者的重要性,可以说他先于接受美学和读者反应批评提出了作品只有在读者的阅读过程中才真正存在的观点。伽达默尔最大贡献是把现象学和存在主义理论转变为一种系统的方法论,即哲学阐释学,对文学视界的打开产生了广泛影响。总之,新时期文学理论中的人文主义诉求是我国文化建设过程中的一笔宝贵财富,它使我们的文学理论研究保持一种积极的价值追求与批判精神。它的意义在于让我们在进行文学理论、文学批评的研究时,有了大家公认的评价标准,让我们知道怎样的文学是好的,怎样的学术研究是有意义的。它对新时期以来我国文学话语形态的形成产生了积极、深刻的影响。
[Abstract]:The ideological emancipation in China at the end of -30s and the beginning of 80s, which accomplished a latent motive similar to the historical mission of the Renaissance and the May 4th Movement, awakened people from the nightmares of blind worship, extreme leftist thinking and false idealism. Humanism and scientism can be regarded as two important tributaries. The zigzag course of humanism value demand in the past 30 years has had an important and far-reaching influence on the development and change of literary theory in China since the new period. "to correct the name of literature" as the symbolic slogan of the trend of literary thought in the new era, Its implication is not limited to liberating literature from the chariot of politics and making it an independent existence, fundamentally speaking, it is a human name, a discourse representation of humanitarianism in the field of literature, that is, in this sense, As far as its ideological resources are concerned, early Marx, Lukacs and Western Marxism, Freud's psychoanalysis and Nietzsche, Sartre, Heidegger's existentialism is the most important to its formation. Neo-rationalism and Chinese cultural craze are its most prominent manifestations. Regarding "humanity" and "humanitarianism" as one of the aims of ideological liberation, it explores the deep meaning and reveals the historical reasons and cultural logic of the formation of the object. This is the important thought and methodology enlightenment left by Marx and Western Marxism to the Chinese literary theory in the new period, which has a profound influence on the study of Chinese literary theory. Psychoanalysis is one of the humanist thoughts appearing in the face of science. Let people have enough courage to face the dark deep valley of their inner world, literature's inquiry into human's self-consciousness has deepened greatly, the question of literature has begun to go beyond the level of "what" and into the depth of "why". And no longer just looking at what the text says, It is more willing to explore the deep meaning or implication behind the text. Another force that has had the greatest influence on the study of literary theory since the new era in China is probably existentialism. Heidegger inspired people to use composition. Sartre's philosophy and literary creation give a deep insight into the absurdity that prevails in the world and in life. He regards literary and artistic activity as a way of human existence. He regarded literature and art as an activity, paying close attention to the importance of readers or appreciators, It can be said that he put forward the viewpoint that works only exist in the process of readers' reading before reception aesthetics and reader reaction criticism. Gadamer's greatest contribution is to transform phenomenology and existentialism theory into a systematic methodology. That is, philosophical hermeneutics has a wide influence on the opening of literary horizon. In short, humanism in the literary theory of the new era is a valuable asset in the process of cultural construction in China. It enables us to maintain a positive value pursuit and critical spirit in the study of literary theory. Its significance lies in the fact that when we study literary theory and literary criticism, we have a universally accepted evaluation standard. Let us know what kind of literature is good and what kind of academic research is meaningful. It has a positive and profound influence on the formation of Chinese literary discourse form since the new period.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学文学院;
【分类号】：I206.7

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