新时期小说的饥饿书写类型研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 13:49

  本文选题：饥饿书写类型　切入点：追问　出处：《中南民族大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：当代中国的饥饿书写沿袭了二十世纪以来饥饿书写的优良传统,同时又有自己的一些特点。这时期的饥饿书写大致可分为两个阶段:1949---1976年的低迷期和1976至今的高潮期。低迷期饥饿书写减少,绝不是因为当时没有饥饿现象发生,而是整个中国社会的现实和政治环境不适合饥饿书写,到了1976年以后,也就是所谓的“新时期”,随着政治环境的松动,文艺政策的调整以及作家个人主体意识的觉醒,饥饿又重回大众视野,并掀起了一股书写饥饿的热潮。书写饥饿的作家主要有三类:右派作家、知青作家和在灾荒年代成长起来的青中年作家,每个人或根据自己的亲身经历或根据自己的体会感受多方面的书写饥饿。可以说,对于饥饿,他们最有“发言权”。饥饿书写文本增多了,随之而来的研究饥饿书写的学术文章也增多了。有的从宏观把握饥饿书写的主题、内涵和意义;有的具体分析某个作家的某部作品,而且他们大多把研究重点放在物质饥饿上。其实,新时期很多作家早已不再把笔触仅仅局限在生理饥饿,而是把其他饥饿如性饥饿、精神饥饿也囊括进来,饥饿书写的类型拓展了,饥饿内涵也丰富起来。只是这方面的饥饿研究还存在一些空白,因此,笔者在总结前人研究的成果上,从微观出发,分析研究饥饿书写的三种类型。本文将分四个章节进行阐述:第一章饥饿书写的三种类型。饥饿是个宽泛的概念,随着语境的发展变化,它的意义也变得丰富多样。关于新时期小说中出现的饥饿书写类型,笔者将它分为三种---食饥饿、性饥饿和精神饥饿,每种饥饿又各自有不同的特点。第二章饥饿类型的书写原因。笔者把原因归纳为三点:第一,群体性的饥饿在中国人心中留下难以抹去的印记,作家把它们写出来既是为了记录还原历史,又是在回忆中反思历史,找到导致饥荒的根本原因,警醒后人这样的悲剧不能再发生;第二,传统文化中的性禁忌和现实生活中的性缺失严重戕害了正常人性的发展,随着思想的解放,作家们的人文情怀和素养让他们自觉地开始关注人性发展,第三,高压的政治运动禁锢了人们的精神,精神家园亟待重建,作家试图通过自己的书写构建正常合理的人伦社会。第三章饥饿类型的书写策略。在书写这三种饥饿时,作家们也是同中有异,异中求同。总的来说都做到了全方位多角度的叙述,但每种饥饿书写又有细微的差别,作家们既多角度地展览了食物匮乏,又“借食写性”表现食物饥饿与性饥饿纠缠不清的关系,在特殊情况下,饥饿成了不同人满足不同需求的筹码,饥饿是可以“交易”的,这就把单纯的人的饥饿上升到社会、政治、生活层面。当然到了后期,作家们开始为性写性,性饥饿开始脱离食物饥饿而独立存在;同时作家们还以一种局外人的姿态冷眼看饥饿,冷漠的外表下却暗涌着他们炽热的情感。第四部分饥饿类型的书写伦理。每个作家,无论出于什么目的创作一部作品,都有自己的立场、情绪和态度,他希望通过对生命感觉的关注,借作品表达内心的真实感受,同时也希望读者可以通过阅读他的作品得到某种启发。在该部分笔者引入集体主义伦理和个体伦理,探讨作家在饥饿书写中想要表达的思想即批判政治主流话语下集体主义的伦理的异化,同时又赞扬了自由个体伦理的反抗和人性善。
[Abstract]:The China hunger followed the tradition of writing the hunger writing since twentieth Century, and has its own characteristics. In this period the hunger writing can be divided into two stages: 1949---1976 years of downturn since 1976 and the climax of the downturn. The Hunger Writing reduced, it is not because no hunger occurs at the time, but the China social reality and the political environment is not suitable for the hunger writing, after 1976, the so-called "new period", with the loose political environment, adjust the literary policy and the writer's personal consciousness, hunger and return to public view, and set off a boom. Hungry Hunger Writing Writer there are three main categories: the writing writer, youth writer and grew up in famine in the young and middle-aged writer, everyone according to their personal experience or according to their own experience Feel the Hunger Writing in many aspects. It can be said, for the hungry, they have the "right to speak". The hunger writing text has increased, with the study of the hunger writing academic articles also increased. Some from the macro grasp the theme of the hunger writing, connotation and significance; some concrete analysis of a writer's works, and most of them focused on physical hunger. In fact, many writers in new period is no longer confined to strokes in physiological hunger, but the other hungry like hunger, the spirit of hunger is also included, the type of the hunger writing development, connotation is rich. Only hunger hunger research in this area there are still some therefore, the blank, at the conclusion of my previous research achievements, from the microcosmic view, analysis of three types of hunger writing. This article is divided into four chapters: the first chapter elaborates the hunger writing three Types. Hunger is a broad concept, with the development and changes of context, its meaning has become rich and varied. About the novels of the new period, the hunger writing type, the author divides it into three kinds --- food hunger, hunger and spiritual hunger, hunger and each have different characteristics. The reason of writing the second chapter type. The causes of hunger are summarized as three points: first, the group's hunger left indelible imprint in the hearts of Chinese, writers write them both in order to restore history, but also in the memories of the reflection of history, find the root cause of the famine, this tragedy can warn people again; second, in the traditional culture of taboo and the reality of life in the absence of serious harm the normal development of human nature, with the liberation of the thought, humanism and literacy writers to consciously begin to pay close attention to the human nature The development of third, high political movement imprisons the people's spirit, spiritual home to rebuild, the author tried to write through the reasonable construction of normal human society. In the third chapter, the type of hunger writing strategy. In writing these three kinds of hunger, the writers also has some similarities and common in general. Do a full range of multi angle narration, but each kind of hunger writing and there are subtle differences, both writers view the exhibition and lack of food, "food by write" food hunger and hunger tangled, under special circumstances, the hunger became different people meet the different needs of the chip. Hunger is can "trade", the simple people hunger rise to social, political life. Of course, at a later stage, the writers began to write for, hunger began from hunger and food writers also exist independently; Also see the hunger to an outsider's indifferent attitude, indifferent appearance but they filled a vigor of the emotions. The fourth part hunger types of written ethics. Each writer, no matter what the purpose of the creation of a work, has its own position, emotion and attitude, he hopes to pass the life feeling concern. Through the works to express the true inner feelings, but also hope that readers can get some inspiration through reading his works. In this part, the author introduces the collectivism ethics and individual ethics, alienation of ethical discussion writers want expression in the Hunger Writing in thought of criticizing the political mainstream discourse of collectivism, and praised the freedom of individual ethics resistance and good human nature.

【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.42
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本文编号：1691011