汉末魏晋诗歌中的“死亡意识”

发布时间：2018-04-04 00:30

本文选题：汉末魏晋　切入点：诗歌　出处：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：东汉末期,大一统政权崩溃,随之而来的是近四百年的战乱与分裂。在汉末魏晋这二百多年的历史时期里,士人群体在思想意识上发生了巨大的变化,他们从思想的禁锢中解放出来,开始思索个体生命的存在,开启了“人的自觉”,《古诗十九首》体现出汉末魏晋“文学的自觉”。“人的自觉”和“文学的自觉”让士人群体可以运用文学的形式对生命和死亡进行体验和审美的探索,使得汉末魏晋诗歌中萌发个体多元性的死亡意识提供基础。汉末魏晋的诗歌,从十九首开始到陶渊明的挽歌诗,对人生存悲剧的咏叹有一条一以贯之的情感主线,这些诗歌中表达了各式各样的死亡意识,看似繁杂无章,然而在脉络上却有迹可循。本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,从两个大的角度对汉末魏晋诗歌中表现出的死亡意识进行全面的分析阐释,首先是从中国传统的儒道思想观念入手,以一种内审的视角对汉末魏晋诗歌中的死亡意识进行分析归纳;其次运用西方著名的存在主义哲学思想和方法,以一种他观的视角对汉末魏晋诗歌中的死亡意识进行审美。论文分为五个部分(有引言、结语),主体有以下三个部分:第一部分,谈汉末魏晋诗歌中具体体现出来的“死亡意识”,从内观的视角,将其分成为儒家思想影响下的死亡意识,道家思想影响下的死亡意识以及糅合儒道的陶渊明自然的死亡意识三种。儒道影响下的死亡意识又细分成了“感伤”的死亡意识、“英雄”的死亡意识、“浪漫”的死亡意识以及“享乐”的死亡意识。第二部分,对汉末魏晋诗歌中体现出来的“死亡意识”进行辨析,从时代背景、诗歌自身规律以及诗人的死亡感受三个方面具体分析产生这样死亡意识的成因。第三部分,用西方存在主义哲学的理论视角,从生存、超越、自由三个角度对汉末魏晋诗歌中体现出来的死亡意识进行了审美化的阐释。通过对汉末魏晋诗歌的死亡意识进行全面具体的阐述与审美分析,试图在这种对死亡意识的审美中体悟和感受到人之为人的存在的意义。
[Abstract]:At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the unified regime collapsed, followed by nearly 400 years of war and division.In the historical period of more than two hundred years in the late Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties, great changes have taken place in the ideological consciousness of the scholars. They have been liberated from the imprison of their thoughts and began to think about the existence of individual life.Open the consciousness of people, 19 ancient poems reflect the consciousness of literature in the late Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin dynasties."the consciousness of man" and "consciousness of literature" enable the group of scholars to use the form of literature to experience and explore the life and death, and to provide the basis for the emergence of individual pluralistic consciousness of death in the poetry of the late Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties.The poems of the late Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties, from 19 to Tao Yuanming's elegiac poems, have a consistent emotional thread about the tragedy of human existence. These poems express various kinds of death consciousness and appear to be complicated and unwritten.However, there are signs in the context.Based on the results of previous studies, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the death consciousness in the poetry of the late Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties from two major angles, starting with the Chinese traditional Confucian and Taoist ideology.This paper analyzes and induces the consciousness of death in the poetry of the Wei and Jin dynasties in the end of Han Dynasty from the angle of internal examination. Secondly, it uses the famous existential philosophy thought and method of the West to aesthetic the consciousness of death in the poetry of the late Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties from the perspective of another view.The thesis is divided into five parts (introduction, conclusion and subject): the first part discusses the "death consciousness" embodied in the poetry of Wei and Jin dynasties in the end of Han Dynasty, from the perspective of internal view.It is divided into three kinds: death consciousness under the influence of Confucianism, death consciousness under the influence of Taoism and Tao Yuanming's natural death consciousness combining Confucianism and Taoism.Under the influence of Confucianism and Taoism, the consciousness of death is subdivided into the consciousness of death of "sentimental", the consciousness of death of "hero", the consciousness of death of "romance" and the consciousness of death of "pleasure".In the second part, the author distinguishes the "death consciousness" embodied in the poems of the late Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties, and analyzes the causes of the death consciousness from three aspects: the background of the times, the rules of poetry itself and the poet's feelings of death.The third part, from the perspective of Western existential philosophy, from the survival, transcendence and freedom of three angles of the Wei and Jin dynasties poetry reflected in the death consciousness aesthetic interpretation.Through the comprehensive and specific elaboration and aesthetic analysis of the death consciousness in the poetry of the late Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties, the author tries to understand and feel the significance of the existence of human being in this aesthetic of death consciousness.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.22

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