株洲神农城植物群落景观调查与评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 00:10

本文关键词：株洲神农城植物群落景观调查与评价研究　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市公园被誉为“城市之肺”,是城市生态环境的理想调节器。植物群落是城市公园的基本组成单位,是植物景观营建的重要载体,其优劣决定其美化功能和生态功能的发挥。随着人们审美和生态意识的增强,人们已不再满足简单的城市“披绿”,而是对植物群落景观的景观、生态和游憩功能提出了更高的要求,对城市公园植物群落景观的调查与评价研究尤为重要。本论文在归纳总结国内外城市公园植物群落景观调查与评价研究进展和分析神农城植物景观总体设计的基础上,对神农城的54个植物群落样地进行了实地调查研究,分析总结了神农城植物群落景观特点;进而采用AHP—模糊综合评价法构建了城市公园植物群落景观评价体系,并运用该体系对神农城的54个植物群落景观质量进行了模糊综合评价。总结当前神农城植物群落景观存在的问题,针对这些问题提出优化的对策。研究结果表明:1、神农城植物有73科144属182种,种类相对偏少,植物种类间差异大,分配不平衡。以乔、灌、草植物为主,水生植物种类较少,藤本植物所占比例最低。木本植物常绿树种和落叶树种比例约为1:1,常绿植物应用不足。草本植物中多年生草本远远多于一二年生草本植物。水生植物中浮水植物和沉水植物相对缺乏。乡土植物与外来植物比例为1:1.09,乡土植物应用不足,其中运用的乔木类乡土植物占有一定的比例,但在草本植物中外来草本植物比例过大。调查了样地出现频率较高的乔木、灌木、草本植物、水生植物。2、神农城观赏植物中观叶植物和观花植物最多,其次观果和观形植物,观干植物最少;季相景观较显著,春季景观色彩最为丰富,主要观花色和叶色,花色以红色系和白色系为主;夏季枝繁叶茂,以观白色和蓝紫色系花为主;秋季主要以观叶为主,观花和观果植物有一定量的表现;冬季观赏植物相对较少,主要观形和观干,有较少的观花植物和观果植物点缀。3、神农城样地植物群落景观,结构层次多样,主要以乔一灌一草型结构为主,以郁闭度大的密林、中度郁闭林为主,以高覆盖地为主,没有裸地、低覆盖地。4、采用AHP—模糊综合评价法从景观层次、生态层次、游憩层次3个评价准则构建了城市公园植物群落景观评价体系,并运用该体系对神农城的54个植物群落景观质量进行了模糊综合评价,丰富了城市公园植物景观评价方法。在评价的54个群落中,Ⅰ级植物群落样地有6个,Ⅱ级有22个,Ⅲ级植物群落样地有21个,Ⅳ6级植物群落样地数有5个,神农城植物群落景观处于中等偏上水平。但是Ⅰ级植物群落景观数量相对较少,需加强对优质植物群落景观的营建和改造。对不同等级的典型样地群落景观从群落结构层次和群落景观效果等方面进行了分析,为提高神农城植物群落的构建水平提供参考。5、神农城植物群落景观优化对策:景观层次通过合理分配植物群落的景观季相特性,适当种植冬季观形观干的植物,协调常绿和落叶植物比例;生态层次通过丰富物种的多样性,加大对乡土植物的应用力度、植物种植设计时要做到适地适树、加强对植物养护管理等方面进行优化改进;游憩层次通过增加植物景观的可达性和可停留度、营造安全性较高的植物景观进行优化改进。
[Abstract]:The city park is known as the "lung of the city", is the city's ecological environment. The ideal regulator of plant community is the basic unit of the city park, is an important carrier of plant landscape, which determines its function and beautify the ecological functions. With the enhancement of people's aesthetic and ecological consciousness, people are no longer satisfied with the simple the "green", but the city of plant community landscape, put forward higher requirements of ecological and recreational function research, investigation and evaluation of landscape plant community in city park is particularly important. This paper summarizes the progress in the investigation and evaluation of landscape and city park plant communities in China and analysis of general design of the city landscape plants Shennong, the Shennong City 54 plant plots of field survey and research, analyzed and summarized the Shennong City plant community landscape characteristics; and then using the AHP model Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to build an evaluation system of landscape plant community in city park, and using the system of 54 plant community landscape quality of Shennong city by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Summarize the current plant community landscape Shennong city problems, aiming at these problems put forward the optimized countermeasures. The research results show that: 1, Shennong City plant 73 families, 144 genera and 182 species, species of relatively few, large differences between species, distribution is not balanced. In order to Joe, irrigation, grass plant, aquatic plant species are less, lianas had the lowest percentage. Woody plants are evergreen trees and deciduous tree species ratio is about 1:1, lack of evergreen herb perennial application. More than one or two herbaceous perennial herb. The relative lack of floating plants and submerged plants in aquatic plants. Native plants and exotic plants accounted for 1:1.09, lack of local plant application, including the use of the arbor Native plants occupy a certain proportion, but in the herb of alien herbs. A large proportion of the survey sample a higher frequency of trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, aquatic plants.2, Shennong City ornamental plants and ornamental plants in most medium, followed by fruit and plant shape, dry seasonal plants at least; the landscape is remarkable, the spring landscape is most colorful, the main concept of color and leaf color, color to red and white lines; in view of the white summer with luxuriant foliage, and purple blue flowers; mainly in autumn foliage, flower and ornamental fruit plants have a certain amount of performance; winter ornamental plants are relatively few, the main view and view, there are fewer flower plants and foliage plants with.3, plant community landscape Shennong city plot structure, the level of diversity, mainly to Joe irrigation grass type structure, with high canopy density forest, forest with moderate density Lord, with high coverage, no bare land, low coverage of.4, using the AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method from landscape level, ecological recreation level, level 3 assessment criteria to construct the evaluation system of landscape plant community in city park, and using the system of 54 plant community landscape quality of Shennong city by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, enrich the evaluation method of city park landscape. In 54 community evaluation, sample grade plant communities was 6, grade 22, grade III plots of plant communities have 21, 6 level IV plots the number 5, Shennong City plant community landscape in the middle upper level. But the number of landscape plant community is relatively small, the need to strengthen the construction and renovation of high quality plant community landscape. Analyses on the different levels of typical plots from the community structure and community level landscape landscape effect, in order to improve The level of construction to provide the reference of.5 city community plant Shennong Shennong City, plant community landscape optimization countermeasures: landscape level through the landscape characteristics of seasonal reasonable distribution of plant communities, the appropriate planting winter view shape view of the stem of the plant, coordinate the proportions of evergreen and deciduous plants; ecological levels through rich species diversity, increase the application of native plants do the suitable tree to plant planting design, strengthen the improvement and optimization of plant maintenance and management; recreation level by increasing the plant landscape accessibility and stay, optimization of plant landscape construction has high security.

【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S688

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