北京平原地区建筑腾退地景观生态林造林模式研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 15:20

本文关键词：北京平原地区建筑腾退地景观生态林造林模式研究　出处：《北京林业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建筑腾退地造林模式研究对推进北京平原地区造林工程具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究立足于北京平原地区的建筑腾退地,分析新造林地的土壤剖面特征,并结合原有景观生态林进行土壤质量综合评价。然后对原有景观生态林进行样地调查、生态效益测定和景观美景度评价,并采用灰色关联度法评价树种及植物群落。最后对植物群落进行技术集成,提出适宜北京平原地区建筑腾退地的造林模式,为北京平原建筑腾退地造林工程提供了技术支撑。主要结论如下：(1)北京平原建筑腾退地原有景观生态林的结构过于简单,多呈“乔-草”结构；群落物种多样性低,乔木层的平均物种数为3.46,灌木层平均物种数仅为0.27,而草本层平均物种数为8.0。林分中各林木的胸径级差别不大且多属于单峰型。(2)北京平原建筑腾退地原有景观生态林的土壤质量均高于北安河村新造林地的土壤质量,不同植物群落的土壤质量呈现出较大的空间异质性。银杏白蜡群落、元宝枫群落、毛白杨白蜡群落、圆柏群落和杜仲群落的SQI值均高于0.6,而元宝枫油松群落、杜仲圆柏群落、杜仲银杏群落、千头椿白蜡群落和毛白杨群落的SQI值均小于0.3。(3)北京平原建筑腾退地原有景观生态林均具有降温增湿、提高负离子浓度的作用。降温方面,毛白杨白蜡混交林和千头椿纯林表现最好；增湿方面,千头椿纯林和圆柏纯林表现最好；提高负离子浓度方面,千头椿纯林、刺槐纯林、杜仲纯林、毛白杨白蜡混交林、毛白杨油松混交林表现最好。(4)北京平原建筑腾退地不同植被类型的原有景观生态林景观美景度表现为：阔叶混交林阔叶纯林针阔混交林针叶纯林。阔叶树种有助于提高景观价值。(5)在树种评价指标体系中,冠形、干形和树形大小对树种景观质量影响较大；而花香和果实指标对树种景观质量影响较小。通过灰色关联分析法评价树种的景观质量,结果表明：银杏、毛白杨、刺槐、国槐、山杨、元宝枫、白蜡、白皮松、千头椿等树种的表现最好。(6)在植物群落评价指标体系中,林冠线对植物群落影响最大；而林分生长势对植物群落影响最小。通过灰色关联度分析法评价植物群落综合表现,结果表明：毛白杨白蜡群落的综合表现最好,圆柏群落和绦柳群落表现最差。表现较好的群落多为针阔混交林,而表现较差的多为针叶纯林和部分阔叶纯林。
[Abstract]:The study on the afforestation model of building and retreating land has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting afforestation project in Beijing Plain area. This study is based on the building retreat in Beijing Plain area and analyzes the soil profile characteristics of new forest land. And combined with the original landscape ecological forest for comprehensive evaluation of soil quality. Then the original landscape ecological forest sample investigation ecological benefit measurement and landscape beauty evaluation. The grey correlation degree method was used to evaluate the tree species and plant communities. Finally, the technical integration of the plant communities was carried out, and a suitable afforestation model for the construction and retreat of buildings in Beijing plain was put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the structure of the original landscape ecological forest of the Beijing plain is too simple, and the structure of the original landscape ecological forest is mostly "Arbor-grass" structure. The species diversity of community is low, the average species number of tree layer is 3.46, and that of shrub layer is only 0.27. But the average species number of herbaceous layer is 8.0. The difference of DBH level of each tree in the stand is not significant and most of them belong to single-peak type. The soil quality of the original landscape ecological forest in Beijing plain was higher than that of the new forest land in Bei'an he village. The soil quality of different plant communities showed great spatial heterogeneity. The SQI values of ginkgo white wax community, maple truncatum community, white wax community of Populus tomentosa, Platycladus orientalis community and Eucommia ulmoides community were all higher than 0. 6. And the community of Pinus tabulaeformis, Cypress ulmoides and Ginkgo biloba of Eucommia ulmoides. The SQI values of wax community and Populus tomentosa community were less than 0.3.3) the original landscape ecological forest in Beijing plain had the function of cooling and humidifying and increasing the concentration of negative ions. The mixed forest of white wax and pure forest of Pinus tomentosa showed the best performance. In terms of humidification, the pure forest of Thousand Toona and the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis were the best. To improve the negative ion concentration, the pure forest of Toona tomentosa, the pure forest of Robinia pseudoacacia, the pure forest of Eucommia ulmoides and the mixed forest of white wax of Populus tomentosa. The mixed forest of Populus tomentosa and Pinus tabulaeformis showed the best performance. The landscape beauty degree of the original landscape ecological forest of different vegetation types in Beijing plain is as follows: broadleaved mixed forest, pure broad-leaved forest, pure coniferous forest, and broad-leaved tree species can help to improve the landscape value. In the evaluation index system of tree species. The crown shape, dry shape and tree shape have great influence on the landscape quality of tree species. The results showed that: ginkgo biloba, Populus tomentosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Sophora japonica, mountain poplar, maple truncatum, white wax. In the evaluation index system of plant community, the canopy line had the greatest influence on the plant community. The effect of stand growth potential on plant community was the least. The comprehensive performance of plant community was evaluated by grey correlation degree analysis. The results showed that the comprehensive performance of Populus tomentosa white wax community was the best. The performance of cypress community and taeniasis willow community was the worst, the best performance was coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, while the poor performance was coniferous pure forest and some broad-leaved pure forest.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S718.5;S725

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