城市河道近自然化研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 08:17

  本文关键词：城市河道近自然化研究　出处：《北京林业大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 风景园林 城市渠化河流 自然河流 近自然化策略 多尺度

【摘要】：城市扩张带来的不可抵挡的冲击以及城市洪涝灾害的巨大压力都使得城市河流渠化严重,失去了河流的自动力过程及生态服务功能。对于旧城更新、新城建设中的河流景观,人们意识形态的转变和对生态环境的迫切需求,致使中国城市渠化河流的近自然化改造刻不容缓。然而,城市河流的设计一直以水利防洪优先,而忽略了人与自然的互动、城市与水系的融合、生态与技术的合作。风景园林学以其对景观空间、生态系统和社会人文三个方面的涵盖,作为连接多专业知识的桥梁,是可以在城市河流近自然化过程中发挥非常重要作用的。本论文从风景园林学视角探索城市渠化河流的近自然化策略,赋予城市河流作为城市与自然的连接点的身份,平衡城市与自然的关系。本论文首次提出对河流研究的“宏观-中观-微观”的多尺度视角,在深入了解自然河流的宏观-中观-微观尺度下的形态特征和自动力过程的前提下,相对应的分别提出城市渠化河流的宏观、中观、微观的近自然策略。宏观尺度下的城市河流是自然流域的一个部分,本文借鉴生态都市主义思想及河流生态学思想,归纳宏观尺度下的城市河流近自然化四大策略：①生态防洪安全策略②空间相对连续策略③边界融合策略④景观介入的多层次策略,并以此为视角对多个国外成功范例进行分析解读。针对中观尺度下的城市渠化河流的空间特征,将其分为三类,并提出相对应的策略,即城市紧缩型河道、城市弹性型河道和城市开拓型河道的近自然策略。城市紧缩型河道策略,包括选择性空间扩展、生态浮岛、浅水涌道、驳岸软化等方面；城市弹性型河道策略,包括重塑河堤形态、塑造洪泛平原、疏导河道形态、增加生境岛屿、创建河流分支等；城市开拓型河道策略,包括设计河道形态、弹性蓄洪空间、塑造洪泛平原、重塑河堤形态、洪泛安全警示等方面。在此基础上给出中观尺度下的河道模型验证方法,结合水动力学实验和水流模拟计算模型两方面验证近自然河道的可实施性,并进行修正。微观尺度下的城市渠化河流近自然化,是针对河流自动力过程、生态驳岸处理及河道植物的选择提出相应策略,并根据资料整理汇编了措施列表。论文进而针对中国高速城市化进程背景下的河流渠化问题,探讨了中国河流治理的发展历程,剖析其动因与困境,尤其是法律、政策与机制上的不足,并从欧洲、美国、新加坡等水务管理优势国家提取相关经验。在前文研究基础上提出根植于中国本土的城市河流近自然化设计宏观及中观层面的策略,即①宏观策略以城市生态网络为切入点②中观上以模块化的方式组成③风景园林主导的多学科合作和多方参与④河流带动城市良性发展的激励机制。本文最后提出适合中国城市实际情况的近自然化实施五步法,通过制定规划和行动计划、确保资金来源、河流分段招标进行近自然化设计、施工和后期检测、评价与调整5个步骤完成实施并确保综合消息的发挥,为未来中国城市渠化河流的近自然化改造助力先行。
[Abstract]:City expansion brings irresistible impact and the enormous pressure of city flood disaster have made the city river is serious, lost River automatic process and ecological service function. For the renewal of the old city, Metro Construction in the river landscape, changing people's ideology and the urgent needs of the ecological environment, resulting in Chinese city drainage the River close to nature without delay. However, the design of city river water conservancy has been a priority, while ignoring the interaction between man and nature, integration of city and water system, ecological and technical cooperation. Landscape architecture on the landscape space, the three aspects of ecological system and social and cultural implication, as a bridge connecting many professional knowledge, can be in the city river near nature play a very important role in the process. This paper from the perspective of landscape to explore the city canalized rivers near self The strategy gives the city river as a connection point of the city and natural identity, balance the relationship between city and nature. This paper first proposed the multi-scale perspective on the river of the "macro meso micro", based on in-depth understanding of morphological characteristics of macro meso micro scale natural rivers and automatic force process, corresponding to the proposed city river channelization macro, meso and micro strategy of near natural. The macro scale of the city is a part of the natural river basin, based on ecology ecological urbanism thought and river near nature thought, summarized macro scale City River four strategies: 1. The relative ecological flood control security policy space strategy the multilevel continuous boundary strategy of landscape intervention, and on the analysis of a number of foreign successful example for meso perspective. The spatial characteristics of city canalized rivers scales, which is divided into three categories, and put forward the corresponding strategies, namely city compact River, near natural river and city city strategy elastic pioneering river. The river city policy tightening, including selective expansion of space, ecological floating island, shallow water Chung Road. Revetment softening etc; elastic city river strategy, including the remodeling of river morphology, shape the flood plain, dredge channel morphology, increase habitat islands, rivers create branch; river city development strategy, including the design of channel morphology, elastic storage space, shaping the flood plain, flood embankment form remodeling, safety warning etc. river. Model verification method is given based on the meso scale, can be implemented with the hydrodynamic experiment and flow simulation calculation of two models of near natural river, and the micro scale correction. The city canalized river near natural river, is for the automatic process of ecological revetment and river treatment plant selection and put forward the corresponding strategies, according to data compiled a list of measures. Then, aiming at the problem of high speed China river city urbanization background, discusses the development course of Chinese River governance, analysis the causes and difficulties, especially the lack of legal, policy and mechanism, and from Europe, America, Singapore and other countries the advantages of water management experience. This extraction is rooted in the local city Chinese river near natural design of macro and meso level strategy on the basis of previous research, namely the macro strategy to city ecological network as the starting point of view in a modular way. The multidisciplinary landscape dominated by the river and participating in the development of the city promote the positive incentive mechanism in this paper. Finally, for the actual situation of Chinese city near nature the implementation of the five step, through the planning and action plan, to ensure the source of funds, bidding for the near natural river segmentation design, construction and post detection, evaluation and adjustment of the 5 steps to complete the implementation and ensure the comprehensive news of the play, for the future China canalized rivers near city the natural transformation of power in advance.

【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.18
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本文编号：1408789