长武县人工湿地—涝池的演变特征研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 17:58

本文关键词： 长武县涝池演变特征人工湿地地下水位　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：涝池为黄土高原提供了难得的湿地景观,但随着经济社会的快速发展,新农村建设的全面深入,这种人工湿地正逐渐消失。研究涝池的演变过程、特征与影响因素,以及在补给地下水方面的可能作用,不仅能为涝池的可持续发展提供科学依据,还对人们期望涝池能回归重建的思想与实践具有重要参考意义。基于长武县4个调查点的涝池调查数据,本文就调查点涝池动态变化特征、涝池演变和在补给地下水方面的可能作用,以及涝池变迁的影响因素做了分析,并在此基础上对涝池的保护与恢复提出建议。主要的研究结果如下:(1)长武县涝池数量和面积在调查时段内总体呈现出缩小态势,其中20世纪80年代前变化相对平缓,其后缩小速率加快,2010~2014年涝池数量和面积缩小速率均达到最大,分别为-5.71%和-4.80%。与涝池总面积和总数量的急剧减少不同,单个涝池的平均面积却有所增大,20世纪60年代初期为253 m2,90年代初期为288 m2,2014年调查结果为325 m2。这说明55年来小面积的涝池数量较大面积涝池数量减少得多。截止2014年,现存涝池数量为5个/10km2,消失涝池数量占涝池总数量的75.0%。现存涝池面积为171 m2/km2。现存涝池仅存在两种蓄水情况——季节性蓄水和临时蓄水,其中季节性蓄水涝池数量占现存涝池总量的80.0%,主要存水时间集中在7、8、9三个月。(2)研究区地下水位下降严重。地下水的补给,主要来源于降水的入渗。涝池通过汇集场院道路等的雨水径流在一定程度上能够对地下水进行补给。长武县涝池面积的缩小与地下水位下降有同样趋势,表现出一定的因果关系,这可以解释为降水通过涝池对地下水的补给量减少,可能影响到地下水位变化。(3)人类活动直接作用于涝池,决定着涝池的演变及变迁方向。长武县1964~2011年间人口增长迅速,人口的增长带动需求的增加,居民地和交通用地面积相应增加,从而导致涝池较多地被居民地和交通用地占用。同时随着经济社会的快速发展,人们的生产生活条件得到了极大改善,加之新农村建设的全面深入,使得农村原有的生产生活方式发生翻天覆地的变化,进一步制约了涝池的生存。人类活动既影响涝池数量也影响涝池质量,人为因素主要从人畜用水方式、经营管理和政策三个方面对涝池变迁产生作用。(4)21世纪要实现人与自然、人与社会的和谐可持续发展,构建生态文明,需要因地制宜地发展当地的各种水利工程。一定规模地恢复涝池是需要人们重视的。涝池的改造、恢复和重建过程中不能仅仅只考虑蓄水防洪效益,而应将涝池建设为集蓄水、排涝、休闲、观景为一体的综合性工程,这就要求加强相关技术研究,同时充分发挥村委会在涝池恢复和重建中的主体地位,注重全民参与,促进涝池在农村生态-社会-经济可持续发展中发挥应有的作用。
[Abstract]:Waterlogging pool provides a rare wetland landscape for the Loess Plateau, but with the rapid development of the economy and society, the construction of new rural areas in an all-round depth, this artificial wetland is gradually disappearing. The characteristics and influencing factors, as well as the possible role in recharge of groundwater, can not only provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of waterlogging pool. Based on the survey data of four survey points in Changwu County, the dynamic change characteristics of waterlogging pool are discussed in this paper. The evolution of waterlogging pool and its possible role in recharge of groundwater, as well as the factors affecting the change of flood pool are analyzed. The main results are as follows: 1) the number and area of waterlogging ponds in Changwu County showed a general trend of reduction during the investigation period. Before 1980s, the change was relatively gentle, and then the rate of reduction accelerated. From 2010 to 2014, the number and area of waterlogging pool decreased to the maximum. It is -5.71% and -4.80%, respectively. In contrast to the sharp decrease of the total area and the total number of waterlogged ponds, the average area of a single waterlogging pool is increased to 253m2 in the beginning of 60s of the 20th century. It was 288m2 in the beginning of 90s and 325m2 in 2014. This indicates that the number of large area waterlogging ponds in the past 55 years has been much reduced. The number of existing waterlogging pools is 5 / 10 km ~ 2. The number of disappearing waterlogging pools accounts for 75.0% of the total number of waterlogging ponds. The area of existing waterlogged ponds is 171m2 / km2. There are only two kinds of water storage in the existing waterlogging ponds seasonal and temporary. The seasonal water storage and waterlogging pool accounts for 80. 0% of the total number of existing waterlogging ponds, and the main water storage time is mainly in 7 / 89 / 9 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 2) the groundwater level in the study area is decreased seriously and the groundwater recharge is very serious. The main source is the infiltration of precipitation. The flood pool can recharge the groundwater to some extent through the Rain Water runoff which gathers the Yaiyuan road and so on. The reduction of the area of the waterlogging pool in Changwu County has the same trend as the decrease of the groundwater level. There is a certain causality, which can be explained as the decrease of groundwater supply through waterlogging pool, which may affect the change of groundwater level. Changwu County in 1964-2011 population growth, population growth led to the increase of demand, residential land and traffic land area increased accordingly. As a result, the waterlogging pool is occupied mostly by residents and traffic land. At the same time, with the rapid development of economy and society, people's production and living conditions have been greatly improved, coupled with the comprehensive development of new rural construction. Make the original rural production and life style changes, further restricted the survival of the flood pool. Human activities not only affect the number of flood pools but also affect the quality of flood pools, human factors mainly from human and livestock water use mode. Management and policy play an important role in the change of waterlogging pool. In the 21st century, we should realize the harmonious and sustainable development of man and nature, man and society, and construct ecological civilization. It is necessary to develop various local water conservancy projects according to local conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to the restoration of waterlogging ponds on a certain scale. The waterlogging pool should be built into a comprehensive project of water storage, drainage, leisure and view, which requires strengthening the relevant technical research and giving full play to the main position of the village committee in the recovery and reconstruction of the waterlogging pool. Pay attention to the participation of all people and promote the waterlogging pool to play its due role in the sustainable development of rural ecology-society-economy.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X143;P641

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