日照市海岸带生态系统健康评价

发布时间：2018-03-21 07:58

本文选题：海岸带　切入点：生态系统　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海岸带是陆海相互作用地带,易受到外界干扰,生态环境比较脆弱;滨岸地区是进行对外贸易和文化交流的纽带及开发海洋、发展经济的基地,具有十分重要的地位。日照市海洋资源丰富,开发潜力很大,海洋空间资源开发过程中特别是海岸线附近资源利用上矛盾较突出,由不合理开发海洋资源引发的近海水质恶化和入海污染物不断增加导致海岸带生态系统的生产力下降,日照近岸浒苔灾害从无到有并有了逐年加重的趋势,生态环境问题日趋严重。本研究以日照市海岸带为研究对象,将日照市海岸带生态系统划分为二个子系统:岸线子系统、陆域子系统,并通过社会经济发展对海岸带生态系统健康的影响进行较系统的分析,借助遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)等手段,利用边缘检测法、景观格局指数法以及指标体系法等研究方法,对日照市海岸带生态系统进行健康评价。通过对海岸带生态系统健康的评价研究,找出影响生态系统健康的因素,研究成果对日照市海岸带的可持续发展具有借鉴意义。本文主要研究内容及结论:(1)通过对日照市2001年、2006年、2009年以及2014年遥感影像分析,通过阈值分割以及Canny算子对四期影像进行海岸线提取以及变迁对比,分析其变迁原因以及对生态系统健康的影响。结果表明从2001年至2014年,日照市海岸线长度不断增加,海岸线向海一侧扩张,陆域扩大。其中海岸线变迁程度最大的区域位于傅疃河口区域、日照港区域以及岚山港区域,发生变迁的主要原因有河口泥沙淤积以及港口航道建设等。(2)通过对2001年、2006年、2009年以及2014年四期遥感影像进行解译、分类以及景观格局指数的计算,利用Constanza提出的生态系统健康综合指数对日照市海岸带陆域子系统生态健康进行评价。评价结果显示:日照市陆域子系统生态健康水平整体表现为2001年2006年2014年2009年。2001年,陆域子系统生态健康水平为最高,主要原因是由于此时日照市沿海区域植被覆盖度较高,对生态系统起积极作用的景观类型所占比重较多,生态系统状况良好。从2001年至2009年,日照市城市化进程加快,城市由沿海向内陆扩张,大量人工建筑侵占原本农田、绿地等区域,生境破碎化加重,植被覆盖度水平降低,2009年,陆域子系统活力、组织力、恢复力均为最低水平,生态健康水平达到最低值。从2009年至2014年日照市市政府加强耕地保护对策,加大对绿化项目的建设,并集中改造城中村对其进行统一规划,生境破碎化程度降低,2014年活力、组织力以及恢复力较2009年均有所回升,其生态健康水平明显提高,但尚未恢复到2006年的水平。(3)以压力—状态—响应模型为框架,选取日照市海岸带社会经济发展的相关指标,依据日照市统计年鉴、海洋统计年鉴以及日照市国民经济和社会发展统计公报,利用层次分析法计算各指标的权重,对社会经济发展影响海岸带生态健康进行模型构建和综合评价,评价结果表明从2004年到2013年间,日照市海岸带社会经济发展对海岸带生态系统健康具有由好变差的影响,主要原因在于社会经济的发展导致各种污染物排放量增多而针对污染的治理措施却并未达到相应要求。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone is the interaction of land and sea areas, vulnerable to outside interference, the ecological environment is fragile; coastal area is the link and the development of maritime trade and cultural exchanges, economic development base, has a very important position. Rizhao City ocean is rich in resources, great potential for development, the development process of marine space resources especially the coastline near the use of resources, the contradictions caused by the deterioration of water quality, increase offshore unreasonable exploitation of marine resources and marine pollutants has led to the decline of coastal ecosystem productivity, Rizhao offshore Enteromorpha disaster from scratch and has the trend of increasing year by year, the ecological environment has become increasingly serious. In this study, the coastal zone of Rizhao City as the research object, the Rizhao City coastal ecosystem is divided into two subsystems: shoreline subsystem, the Lu Yuzi system, and the social and economic development of the coastal zone A systematic analysis of the influence of ecosystem health, using remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS) and other means, using the edge detection method, research methods of landscape pattern index and the index system method, the health evaluation of Rizhao City coastal ecosystem. Through the research on the evaluation of coastal ecosystem health and find out the influencing factors of ecosystem health, sustainable development is of great significance to research the coastal zone of Rizhao City. The main research contents and conclusions of this paper: (1) by 2006 in Rizhao City, 2001, 2009 and 2014 in the analysis of remote sensing image by threshold segmentation and Canny operator for coastline extraction and change compared to four images analysis of the changes, reasons and effects on ecosystem health. The results show that from 2001 to 2014, Rizhao City coastline length increasing, expanding the coastline to the side of the sea A land to expand. The regional shoreline changes in the largest degree of Futuan located in the estuary area, Rizhao port area and Arashiyama port area, the main reason is the change of estuarine sediment deposition and channel construction. (2) by 2001, 2006, 2009 and 2014 four period remote sensing image interpretation and classification calculation and the landscape pattern index, the comprehensive index of ecological system proposed by Constanza to evaluate the health of Rizhao City coastal land system of ecological health. The evaluation results show that the overall ecological health level of Rizhao City land subsystem represented by the 2001 2006 2014 2009.2001, ecological health system of land is the highest, mainly due to the coastal areas of Rizhao City regional vegetation coverage is higher, the positive proportion of many types of landscape ecological system, ecological system in good condition. From 2001 to 2009, Rizhao City city to accelerate the process of city from coastal areas to inland, a lot of artificial building originally occupied farmland, green area, habitat fragmentation increased, vegetation coverage decreased in 2009, the Lu Yuzi system vigor, organization, restoring force are the lowest level, the ecological health level reached the lowest value. To strengthen the protection of cultivated land from 2009 to 2014 in Rizhao City municipal government, increase the construction of greening projects, and focus on the transformation of the village unified planning of the habitat fragmentation degree decreased, 2014 vigor, organizational capacity and resilience than the 2009 average annual rise, the level of ecological health improved significantly, but has not yet recovered to the level of 2006 (3). With the pressure state response model, selecting related index of Rizhao City coastal economic and social development, according to statistics Rizhao City in years, and the Japan Marine Statistical Yearbook According to statistics, the national economic and social development, using AHP to calculate the weight of each index, build model and comprehensive evaluation on the economic and social development of coastal ecosystem health, evaluation results show that during the period from 2004 to 2013, is affected by the variability of coastal ecosystem health on social and economic development of Rizhao City coastal zone the main reason lies in the development of social economy, led to a variety of more pollutant emissions and for pollution control measures did not meet the corresponding requirements.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826

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