西安城市两类生境花园的设计与实践研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 10:13

本文选题：风景园林规划设计　切入点：生境营造　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国城市化进程的加快,在经济高速发展的同时也带来了一系列的城市问题,诸如环境污染、交通拥挤、人口增长等等。随着生活水平的提高,人们的环境意识逐渐增强,对生存空间的舒适度要求也越来越高,景观设计也迎来了发展的黄金期,城市建设中对景观建设的投入不断增加,城市建成环境中花园等绿地面积不断增大。城市建成环境中花园等绿地是一个为市民提供休闲娱乐和放松身心的场所,目前国内园不仅前期建设花费高昂,而且后期的养护成本也居高不下。以我国目前的经济水平经济性是城市公园建设必须要考虑的问题之一。但是在实际的景观设计和景观实践中,与社会经济发展方向相悖的建设大量出现,造成了大量的景观设计浪费。很多公园的建设更多的关注视觉效果的建设,外来物种泛滥、大树移栽成风、各式豪华水景和大面积的硬质铺装广场随处可见。但是在花费了大量的前期建设和后期养护管理费用后,建设的却是大量缺乏生态效应和使用率低的公园和广场。而设计师也受到了拜金主义思想的影响,对低附加值的低成本景观设计缺乏应有的关注,反而对一些高档材料、奇花异木以及进口技术和设施极度的崇拜。低成本及生态性景观设计的提出,使得设计师在关注城市花园的功能和美观的同时,也能对城市花园的生态效益和可持续性有足够的关注[11]。西北脆弱生态环境条件对城市化建设发展带来压力和约束,同时人类的聚居活动和建设也带来局部生境条件改善的可能性。人工干预下完整持续的城市化生态过程,是西北地区国土生态安全的重要保障,是营造良好城市生活环境的现实需要。西北干旱区水资源缺乏,生态环境脆弱,城市化与城市生态环境之间的矛盾和胁迫作用尤为突出,严重限制和约束了干旱区生态城市建设的进程。协调干旱区城市化与城市生态环境的关系,推动干旱区城市健康发展的研究正日益为国内学者关注[58]。本研究通过对国内外建成案例的总结和归纳,以及实际案例的分析研究,结合低成本景观设计以及雨水花园、植物群落设计和生境营造提出生境花园的概念,以西北地区城市建成环境中的绿地生境类型划分研究为基础。在以光照和土壤为主导生境因子生境类型划分的阴生、阳生、湿生、旱生的四种生境类型中中选择选择前两种以校园绿地生境为代表的场地生境条件类型分析为前提,在西安建筑科技大学校园内选择这两种类型的典型场地进行场地分析、方案设计、施工建设以及建成后的观测评价以探讨生境营造途径中的生境花园设计方法。本论文受国家自然科学基金《西北大中城市绿地—生境营造模式及适应性设计方法研究》(NO.51278410/E080202)和《城市宜居环境风景园林小气候适应性设计理论和方法研究》(NO。51338007)资助。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, a series of urban problems, such as environmental pollution, traffic congestion, population growth and so on, have been brought along with the rapid development of economy. Higher and higher requirements for comfort of living space, landscape design also ushered in the golden period of development, urban construction in the landscape construction investment continues to increase, The area of green space such as gardens in the urban built environment is constantly increasing. Green spaces such as gardens in the urban built environment are a place to provide leisure, entertainment and relaxation for the public. At present, domestic gardens are not only expensive in the early stage of construction, But in the actual landscape design and landscape practice, it is one of the problems that must be considered in the construction of urban parks. Contrary to the direction of social and economic development, a large number of construction, resulting in a large number of landscape design waste. Many parks more attention to the construction of visual effects, alien species flooding, tree transplanting into the wind, All kinds of luxurious water features and large areas of hard paving plaza can be found everywhere. But after spending a lot of pre-construction and later maintenance and management expenses, What is being built is a large number of parks and squares that lack ecological effects and low utilization rates. And designers are also influenced by the idea of money worship, and lack due attention to low-cost landscape design with low added value. Instead, they pay more attention to some high-grade materials. Exotic trees and imported technology and facilities are extremely worshiped. The low cost and ecological landscape design has made designers pay attention to the function and beauty of urban gardens at the same time. There is also sufficient concern for the ecological benefits and sustainability of urban gardens. [11] the fragile ecological environment conditions in northwest China bring pressure and constraints to the construction and development of urbanization. At the same time, the settlement and construction of human beings have also brought about the possibility of improving local habitat conditions. The complete and sustained ecological process of urbanization under artificial intervention is an important guarantee for the ecological security of territorial land in the Northwest China. It is a practical need to create a good urban living environment. The northwest arid region is short of water resources, the ecological environment is fragile, and the contradiction and coercion between urbanization and urban ecological environment are especially prominent. It has severely restricted and restricted the process of eco-city construction in arid areas and coordinated the relationship between urbanization and urban ecological environment in arid areas. The research of promoting the healthy development of the arid area city is being paid more and more attention to by the domestic scholars [58]. Through summing up and summing up the cases built at home and abroad, and analyzing the actual cases, combining the low-cost landscape design and Rain Water Garden, The concept of habitat garden was put forward in plant community design and habitat construction, which was based on the study on the classification of greenbelt habitat type in urban built environment in Northwest China. Among the four habitat types of wetting and xerophytes, the first two types, which are represented by the greenbelt habitat on campus, are selected as the premise, and the typical sites of these two types are selected in the campus of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology for site analysis. Programme design, In order to explore the design method of habitat garden in the way of habitat construction and observation and evaluation after construction and construction, this paper is accepted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China < the model of greenbelt and habitat construction and the adaptive design method in northwest large and medium cities. No. 51278410 / E080202) and "study on the Theory and method of Adaptive Design of microclimate in Urban livable Landscape Architecture" (No.51338007).
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986

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