湖北宜昌景观格局与松材线虫病流行之间的关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 12:19

本文选题：松材线虫病 + 景观格局　；参考：《北京林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：景观格局对能量流、物质流和物种流等生态学过程影响显著。森林病虫害流行是森林生态系统中常见的生态学过程,也是常见的干扰形式。为了探究区域生境差异对病虫害发生及扩散的影响,本文以湖北省宜昌市夷陵区松材线虫病(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)为对象,结合区域森林资源二类清查矢量数据和松材线虫病普查资料,运用景观生态学的原理和方法,探究景观格局对松材线虫病发生的影响。研究结果表明：(1)松林景观类型百分比、平均斑块面积、自然连接度和聚合度与松材线虫病的发病率成正相关；松林的中、小斑块能抑制松材线虫病的发生,巨斑块、超大斑块对松材线虫的大面积发生有利；(2)当自然村面积约大于1500hm2时,连发村的松林斑块数量大于偶发村,而平均斑块面积、聚合度低于偶发村,其它松林景观指数间差异较小,反映出松林景观破碎化程度的增加有利于松材线虫病的连续发生；(3)从景观干扰上分析显示人类活动强度与松材线虫病发病率成正相关；(4)在景观尺度水平上,景观的破碎度大、多样性指数高、蔓延度指数小、斑块形状简单、受人类活动影响大的乡镇松材线虫病发病率高；(5)当连发村和偶发村的面积相似时,连发村的景观多样性、破碎化程度、景观形状复杂性均普遍高于偶发村,表明景观的异质性可以促进松材线虫病的连续发生。通过夷陵区乡镇和自然村两个尺度水平上的分析可知,由小斑块松林组成且斑块聚集度低、总体景观破碎化程度低、景观的异质性低的景观格局对松材线虫病有一定的抑制作用。研究结论对当地松材线虫病的防治就有较好的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Landscape patterns have a significant impact on ecological processes such as energy flow, material flow and species flow.The prevalence of forest diseases and insect pests is a common ecological process and a common form of disturbance in forest ecosystems.In order to investigate the effect of regional habitat difference on the occurrence and spread of diseases and pests, this paper took Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a pine wood nematode in Yiling District, Yiling City, Hubei Province, as an object, combined with the vector data of regional forest resource inventory and the general survey data of pine wood nematode disease.The effects of landscape pattern on the occurrence of pine wood nematode were studied by using the principles and methods of landscape ecology.The results showed that the percentage of landscape type, average patch area, degree of natural connectivity and degree of aggregation were positively correlated with the incidence of pine wood nematode disease, and the small patch could inhibit the occurrence of pine wood nematode disease.When the area of natural village is larger than 1500hm2, the number of pine forest patches in Lianfa village is larger than that of occasional village, but the average patch area and aggregation degree are lower than that of occasional village, and the difference of landscape index of other pine forest is small.The results showed that the increase of landscape fragmentation was beneficial to the continuous occurrence of pine wood nematode disease. (3) the analysis of landscape disturbance showed that the intensity of human activity was positively correlated with the incidence of pine wood nematode disease.High diversity index, small spread index, simple patch shape, high incidence rate of pine wood nematode disease in villages and towns affected by human activities.) when the area of Lianfa village and occasional village are similar, the landscape diversity and fragmentation degree of Lianfa village are similar.The complexity of landscape shape was generally higher than that of occasional village, which indicated that landscape heterogeneity could promote the continuous occurrence of pine wood nematode disease.Based on the analysis of township and natural village in Yiling area, it can be seen that the forest is composed of small patch pine forest, and the patch aggregation is low, and the overall landscape fragmentation degree is low.The landscape pattern with low landscape heterogeneity can inhibit pine wood nematode disease to some extent.The conclusion of the study has good reference value for local pine wood nematode control.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S763.18

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