近30年辽河三角洲景观格局演变及生态安全评价

发布时间：2018-04-28 04:49

本文选题：辽河三角洲 + 景观格局演变　；参考：《延边大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：三角洲是海岸带内陆地与海洋相互作用相互影响而形成的特殊生态系统,是生物多样性最丰富、生态服务价值高的湿地生态系统之一。三角洲的特殊结构决定了它在功能的多样性,例如在保护生物多样性,野生动物栖息地、防洪减灾、净化陆地排放的污染物、抵缓海水入侵、调节气候等方面有着重要的意义。同时,三角洲也为海水养殖业、盐业和海洋渔业等产业的发展提供了最基础的自然资源。三角洲对海岸带地区、国家或全球的社会经济发展、人类生活水平的提高和生存环境可持续发展都具有重要的影响,是当前当今国际社会研究的热点地区。本文以辽河三角洲为研究对象,通过近30年来(1981-2013)辽河三角洲景观格局分析,借助SPR模型对各个年份的生态安全进行评价。在分析得出辽河三角洲景观演变动态特征及生态安全等级的同时,依据景观生态学理论和分析结果对辽河三角洲湿地可持续开发提出一些建议。1、近30年来辽河三角洲景观格局变动较大,城市化速度加快使得居工用地面积和斑块数量明显增加,研究区域内天然湿地正处于退化阶段,自然湿地和人工湿地共计减少298.11km2。除少许自然因素外,绝大部分变化因为人类干扰所致,而追求经济利益和政策号召对人类的行为具有指向性作用。故此,在环境承载能力下,寻求一种更加高效环保的经济模式(如生态旅游、生态农业、农副产品深加工等)对于保护辽河三角洲有一定的促进作用。2、辽河三角洲生态安全水平总体处于预警状态(0.4～0.6之间),且近年来其生态安全有所波动。从辽河三角洲的生态系统压力和环境质量状况上来看,湿地生态保护的任务仍然很艰巨,湿地退化、景观破碎化和植被覆盖率减少等诸多生态安全问题依然存在。随着公民素质的提高和环境保护力度的加强,目前辽河三角洲正向着较安全方向恢复。
[Abstract]:Delta is a special ecosystem formed by the interaction between inland coastal zone and ocean. It is one of the wetland ecosystems with the most rich biodiversity and high ecological service value. The special structure of delta determines the diversity of its functions, such as protecting biodiversity, wildlife habitat, flood control and disaster reduction, purifying pollutants discharged from land, mitigating seawater invasion, regulating climate, and so on. At the same time, the delta also provides the most basic natural resources for the development of mariculture, salt and marine fishery. Delta plays an important role in the social and economic development of the coastal zone, the country or the world, the improvement of human living standard and the sustainable development of the living environment. This paper takes the Liaohe Delta as the research object, through the analysis of the landscape pattern of the Liaohe Delta in the past 30 years, with the help of SPR model to evaluate the ecological security of each year. At the same time, the dynamic characteristics of landscape evolution and ecological security grade of Liaohe River Delta are obtained. Based on the theory of landscape ecology and the results of analysis, some suggestions for sustainable development of wetland in Liaohe Delta are put forward. In the past 30 years, the landscape pattern of Liaohe Delta has changed greatly, and the urbanization speed has increased the area of residential land and the number of patches. The natural wetland in the study area is at the stage of degradation, and the total reduction of natural wetland and artificial wetland is 298.11km2. Except for a few natural factors, most of the changes are caused by human interference, and the pursuit of economic interests and policy call have a directional effect on human behavior. Therefore, under the carrying capacity of the environment, we should seek a more efficient and environmentally friendly economic model (such as eco-tourism, eco-agriculture, The level of ecological security in Liaohe Delta is generally in the range of 0. 4 ~ 0. 6, and its ecological security has fluctuated in recent years. From the point of view of ecosystem pressure and environmental quality in Liaohe River Delta, the task of wetland ecological protection is still very arduous. Many ecological security problems still exist, such as wetland degradation, landscape fragmentation and vegetation coverage reduction. With the improvement of citizen's quality and the strengthening of environmental protection, Liaohe River Delta is recovering in the direction of safety.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;X826

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