文震亨“以雅化俗”观念与晚明文人的生活美学

发布时间：2018-05-02 15:51

本文选题：《长物志》 + 文震亨　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：文人在日常生活中有两个维度,一是和普通大众毫无二致的包括衣、食、住、行、用在内的世俗生活,二是超越世俗生活的文雅生活。晚明文人文震亨所著的《长物志》涉及日常生活中衣、食、住、行、用的各个方面,全书不谈门窗、居室、器具的普通功用,而是从文人风雅的高度出发追求文雅的生活趣味,追求艺术化的生活方式。本文主要探究以文震亨为代表的晚明文人是怎样对世俗生活进行雅化并将其上升到精神与审美的高度的,以及探究这种雅化的意义所在。全文共分为四章。第一章从晚明特定的时代背景以及文震亨本人的生活经历出发探究文震亨“以雅化俗”观念的生成背景。经济上,江南地区经济的繁荣使士人在生活方式上开始趋于俗化。思想上,晚明政治局面的恶化以及阳明心学的影响使士人开始由关注外在评价转向关注自己的内心世界,将政治上的失意转向对日常生活领域的关注上来。文震亨本人对文雅的精神生活的追求,《长物志》可以说是其文雅生活实践的总结。第二章从具体的《长物志》文本出发探究以文震亨为代表的晚明文人是怎样将世俗生活雅化的,具体体现在园林居室建造、器物赏玩、美食品尝和配饰美观四个方面。园林居室建造中,一方面通过空间布置营造清幽、自然的生活环境,另一方面,通过啜茗、调琴等文雅活动彰显文人的高雅绝俗之趣。器物赏玩中,一方面讲求功能性与审美性的协调统一,另一方面,通过收藏赏鉴书画、古玩,展现出文人清逸高雅的精神追求。美食品尝中,在强调饮食感官之美的同时将饮食之技上升到饮食之道,注重对饮食趣味的追求。最后,通过瓶花的摆放以及书画的悬置雅化居室环境,通过衣着的娴雅来彰显文人风雅气度。第三章从文震亨对于日常生活雅化的过程探究晚明文人的审美趣味,他们追求自然、复古、尚清的审美意识,并将这一审美意识投射于日常生活中去,体现出崇雅反俗的文人化审美趣味。第四章探究以文震亨为代表的晚明文人对于日常生活进行雅化的意义。一是区分两种不同的审美趣味,体现出他们对于文人身份的认同。一种是以巨商富贾为代表的缙绅豪奢们对于奢靡生活的追逐,他们追求的是奢靡的物质生活,另一种是以文震亨为代表的晚明文人对于精神之美的追求,他们在物质上并不匮乏,但他们更注重的是精神生活的闲雅。二是从中体现出以文震亨为代表的晚明文人对于理想精神生活的向往。三是启发我们在对晚明的生活美学进行批判继承的时候,应该是有选择性的,更多的是要看到晚明文人在生活上的精神追求。
[Abstract]:The literati have two dimensions in their daily life, one is the worldly life including clothing, food, living, use, and the other is the elegant life that transcends the secular life, which is no different from the ordinary people. The "chronicles of long things" written by Wen Chun-heng, a late text man, deals with all aspects of daily life, such as clothing, food, living, running and using. The book does not talk about the ordinary functions of doors and windows, rooms, and appliances, but rather pursues the civilized taste of life from the height of literati elegance. Pursue an artistic way of life. This paper mainly explores how the literati represented by Wen Zhenheng refined the secular life and raised it to the spiritual and aesthetic level, and explored the significance of this elegance. The full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter explores the formation background of Wen Zhenheng's concept of "transforming elegance into vulgarity" from the specific background of the late Ming Dynasty and Wen Zhenheng's own life experience. Economically, the prosperity of the Jiangnan region made the scholars become popular in their way of life. Ideologically, the deterioration of the political situation in the late Ming Dynasty and the influence of Yangming psychology made the scholars begin to pay attention to their inner world from external evaluation to their inner world, and turn their political frustration to the field of daily life. Wen Zhenheng's pursuit of civilized spiritual life is a summary of his practice of elegant life. The second chapter explores how the literati, represented by Wen Zhenheng, refined their worldly life from the concrete texts of the chronicles of long things, which are embodied in four aspects: the construction of garden rooms, the enjoyment of utensils, the taste of gourmet food and the beauty of accessories. In the construction of garden house, on the one hand, it creates a quiet and natural living environment through space arrangement; on the other hand, it highlights the literati's elegant and vulgar interest through such activities as sipping tea and tuning piano. On the one hand, it emphasizes the harmony of function and aesthetics, on the other hand, through collecting and appreciating calligraphy and painting, antiques, it shows the literati's spiritual pursuit of elegance and elegance. While emphasizing the beauty of the food senses, the technique of food is raised to the way of diet, and the pursuit of taste of food is emphasized. Finally, through the display of bottle flowers and calligraphy and painting, elegant living environment, through the elegant dress to show literati elegant demeanor. The third chapter explores the aesthetic taste of the literati in the late Ming Dynasty from Wen Zhenheng's process of refinement of daily life. They pursue the aesthetic consciousness of nature, restoration of the ancient times and still clear, and project this aesthetic consciousness into the daily life. Embodies the literati aesthetic taste of worship of elegance and antivulgarity. Chapter four explores the significance of refined life of literati in late Ming Dynasty, represented by Wen Zhenheng. One is to distinguish two different aesthetic tastes, reflecting their identity of literati identity. One is the pursuit of extravagant life by the tycoons represented by Fujia, the great merchant, and the pursuit of extravagant material life, and the other is the pursuit of spiritual beauty by the late Ming literati, represented by Wen Zhengheng. They are not in material want, but they pay more attention to the leisure of spiritual life. The second is to reflect the literati's yearning for ideal spiritual life in late Ming Dynasty, represented by Wen Zhenheng. Thirdly, it should be selective when we criticize and inherit the life aesthetics of the late Ming Dynasty, and it is more important to see the spiritual pursuit in life of the literati in the late Ming Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I01

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