“三江并流”世界自然遗产地生态连接度及空间分异研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 22:34

本文选题：生态连接度 + 最小耗费距离模型　；参考：《云南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界自然遗产地是具有突出普遍价值的自然地貌、地质或自然地理结构、天然名胜以及明确规定的濒危动植物生境区和划定的自然地带,长期以来受各种自然和人为因素使得许多世界遗产遭受着严重的破坏甚至是毁灭,对世界自然遗产的保护已经迫在眉睫。三江并流地区为中国三大生态物种中心之一,其中包含着承载有相当大比例生物多样性的风景区和自然保护区。它们在功能和生态过程上的连通对研究区生态网络的构建和生物多样性保护具有重要作用。因此,研究“三江并流”世界自然遗产地景观格局及生态连接度,对保护并合理利用这一珍贵的自然遗产、保持区域生物多样性、提高区域生态安全等方面有重要意义。生态连接度是景观生态学领域的一个重要研究方向,影响着斑块间生物迁移扩散、基因流动等生态过程。本文以“三江并流”世界自然遗产地为研究对象,以2010年的Landsat5TM影像为数据源,通过文献统计资料的收集研究,借助3S技术,运用景观生态学的方法对研究区的景观格局特征进行了系统的分析。在格局特征分析研究的基础上,把各景观类型的生态功能强度评价细化到景观格局指数,客观及科学的评价了研究区的生态功能阻力。进而利用最小耗费距离模型进行了研究区的各片区生态连接度的评价以及片区间可能性廊道的构建,揭示了生态连接度分异的因素并提出改善措施。结果表明,研究区林地具有面积最大、破碎度最小的特征,满足作为景观基质的要求。景观破碎化程度最高的为建设用地、农业用地等人为干扰严重的景观类型,人工斑块的存在及扩张,致使各生态功能斑块之间面临着被孤立的危险。研究区的生态功能阻力由小到大依次为：林地、灌草地、水域、建设用地、耕地、未利用地。研究区各片区的连接度以中低水平为主,高连接区域所占面积很小；总体上呈北高南低圈层分布态势,水平较高的分布于研究区的北部,极高连接度区域在研究区中呈现孤岛状分布。自然环境的制约作用、经济利益驱动下的人口和旅游发展带来的开发建设、以及片区的空间分布是影响各功能片区生态连接度分异的主要因素。
[Abstract]:The World Natural Heritage sites are natural landforms, geological or natural geographical structures of outstanding universal value, natural places of interest and clearly defined habitats and zones of endangered flora and fauna, For a long time, many world heritage sites have suffered serious damage or even destruction due to various natural and man-made factors, so the protection of world natural heritage is imminent. Sanjiang Shuanliu area is one of the three major ecological species centers in China, which includes scenic spots and nature reserves with a large proportion of biodiversity. Their connection in function and ecological process plays an important role in the construction of ecological network and biodiversity conservation in the study area. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the landscape pattern and ecological connectivity of the "three rivers parallel flow" World Natural Heritage site in order to protect and rationally utilize this precious natural heritage, to maintain regional biodiversity and to improve regional ecological security. Ecological connectivity is an important research direction in landscape ecology, which affects ecological processes such as biological migration and diffusion and gene flow among patches. In this paper, the World Natural Heritage site of "three Rivers and streams" is taken as the research object, Landsat5TM image of 2010 is taken as the data source, through the collection and research of literature statistics, the 3s technology is used. The landscape pattern characteristics of the study area were systematically analyzed by using the method of landscape ecology. On the basis of pattern characteristic analysis, the evaluation of ecological function intensity of each landscape type was refined into landscape pattern index, and the resistance of ecological function in the study area was evaluated objectively and scientifically. Furthermore, the minimum cost distance model was used to evaluate the ecological connectivity of each region and to construct the possible corridor in the study area. The factors of ecological connectivity differentiation were revealed and the improvement measures were put forward. The results showed that the woodland in the study area had the characteristics of the largest area and the smallest degree of fragmentation, which met the requirements of landscape matrix. The highest degree of landscape fragmentation is the construction land, the agricultural land and other man-made artificial disturbance landscape types. The existence and expansion of artificial patches lead to the risk of isolation among various ecological functional patches. The ecological function resistance of the study area from small to great is forest land, irrigated grassland, water area, construction land, cultivated land, unused land. The connectivity of each region in the study area is mainly of middle and low level, and the area of high connection area is very small, which is generally distributed in the north high south low circle, and the higher level is distributed in the northern part of the study area. In the study area, the extremely high connectivity region presents an island distribution. The restriction of natural environment, the development and construction of population and tourism driven by economic benefits, and the spatial distribution of the region are the main factors that affect the ecological connectivity of each functional area.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q16

【参考文献】