基于土地利用景观格局的疏勒河流域生态安全研究
发布时间：2018-07-13 09:26
【摘要】：疏勒河位于甘肃省西部,是河西走廊三大内陆河之一,具有典型的干旱区内陆河特征,生态环境极其敏感脆弱。伴随着西部大开发战略的施行,国家对西部生态环境的建设和保护越来越重视,疏勒河流域的生态安全格局显得极其重要。景观生态学、遥感和地理信息技术,为分析流域的景观格局、生态安全提供了手段和方法。本文在获取疏勒河流域水文地质资料、社会经济数据、遥感影像、土地利用数据的基础上,运用景观生态学的原理和方法,选取适当的景观格局指数,分析了流域1980-2010年的景观格局特征和土地利用动态变化情况。依据景观格局指数构建适合流域的生态安全评价模型,划分风险小区对流域的生态安全进行了评价,分析疏勒河流域生态安全度的时空演变,并对其空间相关性进行研究。利用最小累积阻力(MCR)模型,以自然保护区、水域、林地等作为生态“源地”,以生态安全水平、海拔和坡度作为阻力因子生成阻力面,构建流域生态安全格局,识别潜在廊道和节点,建立优化后的生态安全网络,从而为流域的生态安全保障提供建议和对策。本文主要结论如下:(1)草地、戈壁和未利用地是疏勒河流域最主要的景观类型。研究时段内,耕地和城镇工矿用地面积持续增长,且逐渐成片聚集分布,二者之间相互转换的面积所占比例也较大,数量变化程度最为剧烈。沙地始终是流域形状最复杂的景观;沼泽地的分布越来越破碎,水域和沼泽地的变化程度相对较强。其他未利用地、戈壁、盐碱地和草地之间的相互转化是流域土地利用变化的主体。30年间,流域土地利用转化速度逐渐降低,景观斑块数量明显下降,景观多样性有所增加,破碎化趋势明显。2000年之前景观形状的变化趋向复杂化,之后趋向简单化。1980-1995年疏勒河流域土地利用景观格局变化的动态度远远大于1995-2010年。(2)疏勒河流域南部的生态安全程度高于北部,低度安全的区域主要分布在流域北部,较高安全区分布在南部山区以及河流中下游的冲积平原,高度安全区分布在东南部祁连山区,肃北与玉门的交界处。1980-1995年,生态安全等级发生变化的区域主要位于流域西南部和东部;1995-2010年等级发生变化的区域面积小于1980-1995年。较低安全水平的区域始终是研究区面积最大的区域,其次是低度安全水平区,较高安全和高度安全水平区在研究区所占的比例极少,二者之和不到10%。总体来说,疏勒河流域的生态安全水平在30年间有所改善。(3)疏勒河流域的景观生态安全指数在空间上存在着一定的集聚效应。生态安全值高的区域,周边区域的值亦高;生态安全值低的区域,周边区域的值亦低。同时,局部空间上“同质集聚、异质隔离”的特征很明显。1980-2010年间,Moran’s I指数呈现降低的趋势,空间自相关程度有所减弱,空间趋同性逐渐降低。1980-2010年疏勒河流域生态安全指数空间分布均以高-高聚集(H-H)和低-低聚集(LL)类型为主,高-低聚集(H-L)与低-高聚集(L-H)则呈零散分布。(4)优化后的生态网络将生态源地、潜在廊道和节点等景观组分结合,使之成为一个点、线、面相互嵌套的整体。与流域生态安全格局现状相比,潜在生态安全网络充分利用已有的河流水系,打通廊道,避开城镇工矿用地和交通干线,将自然保护区等生态源地通过廊道和辐射道连接,并在生态脆弱区设置关键点作为物种扩散的“踏板”。
[Abstract]:Shule river is located in the west of Gansu province. It is one of the three inland rivers in Hexi corridor. It has the characteristics of inland river in the typical arid area. The ecological environment is extremely sensitive and fragile. With the implementation of the western development strategy, the state has paid more and more attention to the construction and protection of the ecological environment in the west, and the ecological security pattern of the Shule river basin is very important. The view ecology, remote sensing and geographic information technology provide the means and methods for analyzing the landscape pattern and ecological security of the river basin. On the basis of obtaining the hydrogeological data, social and economic data, remote sensing images and land use data of the Shule River Basin, this paper uses the principles and methods of landscape ecology to select the appropriate landscape pattern index. The characteristics of landscape pattern and the dynamic change of land use for 1980-2010 years are analyzed. According to the landscape pattern index, the ecological security evaluation model suitable for the river basin is constructed. The ecological security of the watershed is evaluated, the time space evolution of the ecological safety degree in the Shule river basin is analyzed, and the spatial correlation is studied. With the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, the natural reserve, water area and woodland are used as the ecological "source", the resistance surface is generated by the level of ecological safety, altitude and slope as resistance factor, the ecological security pattern of the basin is constructed, the potential corridor and node are identified, and the optimized ecological security network is established, thus the ecological security guarantee of the basin is provided. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) grassland, Gobi and unused land are the most important landscape types in the Shule River Basin. During the study period, the area of cultivated land and urban industrial and mining land is growing continuously, and gradually aggregated and distributed, the proportion of the area between the two is larger, and the degree of change is the most intense. All the time is the most complex landscape in the basin; the distribution of the swamps is more and more broken and the degree of change in water and swamps is relatively strong. Other unused land, Gobi, saline alkali land and grassland are the main body of the change of land use in the basin.30 years, the conversion rate of the land use in the basin is gradually reduced and the number of landscape patches is clear. The landscape diversity of the Shule River Basin was more complicated than that of 1995-2010 years later. (2) the ecological security of the southern Shule River Basin was higher than that of the north and low safety in the south of the Shule River Basin. The region is mainly distributed in the northern part of the basin, and the higher safety areas are distributed in the southern mountainous area and the alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches of the river. The high safety zone is distributed in the Qilian mountains in the southeast and the junction of the Subei and Yumen in.1980-1995 years. The region of the ecological safety grade is mainly located in the southwest and the east of the river basin; the 1995-2010 year grade changes. The area of the area is less than 1980-1995 years. The region with lower safety level is always the largest area in the study area, followed by low level safety level, and the proportion of high safety and high safety level in the study area is very small. The ecological safety level of the Shule River Basin has improved in 30 years in general, the two is not the whole. (3) the landscape ecological safety index of the Shule River Basin has a certain agglomeration effect in the space. The value of the surrounding area is high in the region with high ecological safety value, the region with low ecological safety value and the value of the surrounding area is also low. At the same time, the characteristics of "homogeneous agglomeration and heterogeneous isolation" in the local space are obvious in.1980-2010 years, Moran 's I refers to The degree of spatial autocorrelation decreased, and the spatial convergence decreased gradually, and the spatial distribution of the ecological safety index in the Shule River Basin was gradually reduced in.1980-2010 years, which were mainly high to high aggregation (H-H) and low oligomeric aggregation (LL), while the high oligomer set (H-L) and low high aggregation (L-H) were scattered. (4) the ecological network after the optimization will be the ecological source. The potential ecological security network makes full use of the existing river water system, passes through the corridor, avoids the urban industrial and mining land and the intersection, and passes the natural reserves through the corridor and the corridor, as compared with the current situation of the ecological safety pattern of the basin. Radiation channels are connected and key points are set up in the fragile ecological areas as a "pedal" for species dispersal.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;F301.2
本文编号：2118910
[Abstract]:Shule river is located in the west of Gansu province. It is one of the three inland rivers in Hexi corridor. It has the characteristics of inland river in the typical arid area. The ecological environment is extremely sensitive and fragile. With the implementation of the western development strategy, the state has paid more and more attention to the construction and protection of the ecological environment in the west, and the ecological security pattern of the Shule river basin is very important. The view ecology, remote sensing and geographic information technology provide the means and methods for analyzing the landscape pattern and ecological security of the river basin. On the basis of obtaining the hydrogeological data, social and economic data, remote sensing images and land use data of the Shule River Basin, this paper uses the principles and methods of landscape ecology to select the appropriate landscape pattern index. The characteristics of landscape pattern and the dynamic change of land use for 1980-2010 years are analyzed. According to the landscape pattern index, the ecological security evaluation model suitable for the river basin is constructed. The ecological security of the watershed is evaluated, the time space evolution of the ecological safety degree in the Shule river basin is analyzed, and the spatial correlation is studied. With the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, the natural reserve, water area and woodland are used as the ecological "source", the resistance surface is generated by the level of ecological safety, altitude and slope as resistance factor, the ecological security pattern of the basin is constructed, the potential corridor and node are identified, and the optimized ecological security network is established, thus the ecological security guarantee of the basin is provided. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) grassland, Gobi and unused land are the most important landscape types in the Shule River Basin. During the study period, the area of cultivated land and urban industrial and mining land is growing continuously, and gradually aggregated and distributed, the proportion of the area between the two is larger, and the degree of change is the most intense. All the time is the most complex landscape in the basin; the distribution of the swamps is more and more broken and the degree of change in water and swamps is relatively strong. Other unused land, Gobi, saline alkali land and grassland are the main body of the change of land use in the basin.30 years, the conversion rate of the land use in the basin is gradually reduced and the number of landscape patches is clear. The landscape diversity of the Shule River Basin was more complicated than that of 1995-2010 years later. (2) the ecological security of the southern Shule River Basin was higher than that of the north and low safety in the south of the Shule River Basin. The region is mainly distributed in the northern part of the basin, and the higher safety areas are distributed in the southern mountainous area and the alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches of the river. The high safety zone is distributed in the Qilian mountains in the southeast and the junction of the Subei and Yumen in.1980-1995 years. The region of the ecological safety grade is mainly located in the southwest and the east of the river basin; the 1995-2010 year grade changes. The area of the area is less than 1980-1995 years. The region with lower safety level is always the largest area in the study area, followed by low level safety level, and the proportion of high safety and high safety level in the study area is very small. The ecological safety level of the Shule River Basin has improved in 30 years in general, the two is not the whole. (3) the landscape ecological safety index of the Shule River Basin has a certain agglomeration effect in the space. The value of the surrounding area is high in the region with high ecological safety value, the region with low ecological safety value and the value of the surrounding area is also low. At the same time, the characteristics of "homogeneous agglomeration and heterogeneous isolation" in the local space are obvious in.1980-2010 years, Moran 's I refers to The degree of spatial autocorrelation decreased, and the spatial convergence decreased gradually, and the spatial distribution of the ecological safety index in the Shule River Basin was gradually reduced in.1980-2010 years, which were mainly high to high aggregation (H-H) and low oligomeric aggregation (LL), while the high oligomer set (H-L) and low high aggregation (L-H) were scattered. (4) the ecological network after the optimization will be the ecological source. The potential ecological security network makes full use of the existing river water system, passes through the corridor, avoids the urban industrial and mining land and the intersection, and passes the natural reserves through the corridor and the corridor, as compared with the current situation of the ecological safety pattern of the basin. Radiation channels are connected and key points are set up in the fragile ecological areas as a "pedal" for species dispersal.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;F301.2
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 何东进,洪伟,胡海清;景观生态学的基本理论及中国景观生态学的研究进展[J];江西农业大学学报;2003年02期
2 关文彬,谢春华,马克明,牛健植,赵玉涛,汪西林;景观生态恢复与重建是区域生态安全格局构建的关键途径[J];生态学报;2003年01期
，本文编号：2118910
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