有效种群容量下景观格局及尺度对景观遗传模拟影响的研究
发布时间：2018-07-16 17:27
【摘要】：景观遗传学是综合了种群遗传学、景观生态学、空间统计学的一个新的研究领域,其在生态保护方面的潜力被逐渐展现。景观遗传学的核心是把遗传变异的空间格局与高度随机的时空过程联系起来,所得到的结果既具有历史性也具有现实性,这个领域可以运用计算机模拟的方法,把个体和环境的随机性相整合。景观遗传模拟技术是一项将景观遗传学与计算机模拟相结合的新兴且实用的研究技术,其关键作用是可以通过计算机模拟把个体进程与景观特征结合起来,并展现其对个体占有率,种群规模,基因流的影响,确定出空间遗传结构,从而理解景观特征和基因流之间的因果关系。景观遗传学中景观因素在景观遗传模拟中的影响因素可以分为两类,分别是景观类型因素与景观尺度因素。景观类型因素包括:生境的面积与非生境面积的比值;非生境的阻力值;景观的破碎化程度等。景观尺度因素包括:景观地图范围的尺度大小;景观地图像素尺度的选定等。在景观遗传模拟实验中种群方面的变量主要包括:种群容量的选定范围;亚种群的个数选择;亚种群间各亚种群容量的比值等。这些因素构成了景观遗传模拟实验中变量选定的整个体系。本文通过仿真建模探索各类景观遗传因素的改变对景观遗传模拟的影响趋势。通过梯度式的变量测试,发现非生境与生境的面积比值当超过一定阈值后,降低种群遗传多样性的趋势增加。阻力值的设定同样显示了尺度效应,其超过一定阈值后,产生降低种群遗传多样性的趋势。而景观破碎化程度对遗传多样性的影响没有明显趋势。景观尺度的梯度测试表明,尺度范围的选定,会影响模拟的结果。种群变量方面,梯度测试的结果显示种群容量之外的变量对种群遗传多样性的影响无明显趋势。本实验为景观遗传模拟通过运用景观指数来预测遗传分化的方面提供有效参照,说明景观指数的正确选择可保证预测结果的有效性。
[Abstract]:Landscape genetics is a new research field which integrates population genetics, landscape ecology and spatial statistics. The core of landscape genetics is to link the spatial pattern of genetic variation with highly random space-time processes. The results obtained are both historical and realistic. This field can be simulated by computer. Integrate the randomness of the individual and the environment. Landscape genetic simulation is a new and practical research technology that combines landscape genetics with computer simulation. Its key role is to combine individual processes with landscape characteristics through computer simulation. The spatial genetic structure was determined to understand the causal relationship between landscape characteristics and gene flow by showing its influence on individual occupancy, population size and gene flow. Landscape factors in landscape genetics can be divided into two categories: landscape type factors and landscape scale factors. The factors of landscape type include: the ratio of habitat area to non-habitat area; the resistance value of non-habitat; the degree of landscape fragmentation and so on. The factors of landscape scale include the scale of landscape map range, the pixel scale of landscape map and so on. In the landscape genetic simulation experiment, the population variables mainly include: the selection range of population capacity, the selection of the number of subpopulations, the ratio of each subpopulation capacity between subpopulations, and so on. These factors constitute the whole system of variable selection in the landscape genetic simulation experiment. In this paper, the influence trend of landscape genetic factors on landscape genetic simulation is explored by simulation modeling. Through the gradient variable test, it was found that when the area ratio of non-habitat to habitat exceeded a certain threshold, the trend of decreasing population genetic diversity increased. The setting of resistance value also shows the scale effect. When the resistance value exceeds a certain threshold, the population genetic diversity will be reduced. However, the effect of landscape fragmentation on genetic diversity had no obvious trend. The gradient test of landscape scale shows that the selection of scale range will affect the simulation results. In terms of population variables, the results of gradient test showed that there was no significant trend in the effect of variables other than population capacity on population genetic diversity. This experiment provides an effective reference for landscape genetic simulation through the use of landscape index to predict genetic differentiation. It shows that the correct selection of landscape index can ensure the effectiveness of the prediction results.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;Q346
本文编号：2127095
[Abstract]:Landscape genetics is a new research field which integrates population genetics, landscape ecology and spatial statistics. The core of landscape genetics is to link the spatial pattern of genetic variation with highly random space-time processes. The results obtained are both historical and realistic. This field can be simulated by computer. Integrate the randomness of the individual and the environment. Landscape genetic simulation is a new and practical research technology that combines landscape genetics with computer simulation. Its key role is to combine individual processes with landscape characteristics through computer simulation. The spatial genetic structure was determined to understand the causal relationship between landscape characteristics and gene flow by showing its influence on individual occupancy, population size and gene flow. Landscape factors in landscape genetics can be divided into two categories: landscape type factors and landscape scale factors. The factors of landscape type include: the ratio of habitat area to non-habitat area; the resistance value of non-habitat; the degree of landscape fragmentation and so on. The factors of landscape scale include the scale of landscape map range, the pixel scale of landscape map and so on. In the landscape genetic simulation experiment, the population variables mainly include: the selection range of population capacity, the selection of the number of subpopulations, the ratio of each subpopulation capacity between subpopulations, and so on. These factors constitute the whole system of variable selection in the landscape genetic simulation experiment. In this paper, the influence trend of landscape genetic factors on landscape genetic simulation is explored by simulation modeling. Through the gradient variable test, it was found that when the area ratio of non-habitat to habitat exceeded a certain threshold, the trend of decreasing population genetic diversity increased. The setting of resistance value also shows the scale effect. When the resistance value exceeds a certain threshold, the population genetic diversity will be reduced. However, the effect of landscape fragmentation on genetic diversity had no obvious trend. The gradient test of landscape scale shows that the selection of scale range will affect the simulation results. In terms of population variables, the results of gradient test showed that there was no significant trend in the effect of variables other than population capacity on population genetic diversity. This experiment provides an effective reference for landscape genetic simulation through the use of landscape index to predict genetic differentiation. It shows that the correct selection of landscape index can ensure the effectiveness of the prediction results.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;Q346
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