建成环境对深圳自然山体周边区域声景的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 10:51

【摘要】：在当今城市化进程中,生态环境受到了城市建设的消极影响。自然山体作为城市的天然景观,对改善城市的生活环境质量有着重要的作用,其周边区域的设计和建设也受到人们越来越多的关注。由于近来人们对生活品质的较高追求以及城市自然景观在建设活动中的不断丧失,城市山体周边区域的景观和生态质量显得更加重要。生态景观的质量不仅影响着视觉方面的舒适和美感,其对听觉环境品质的塑造也是至关紧要的一个方面。本文着眼于深圳市自然山体周边区域的声景,探讨城市建成环境因素对城市声景的影响。本文选取深圳市三个典型城市自然山体及周边的建设区域作为实地调研点,进行了声景和城市建成环境的客观数据采集工作,从而较全面地掌握了自然山体周边区域的声景及城市建设情况。在实地调研的基础上,文章重点进行不同自然山体区域建成环境下的声景特征研究,并探讨各类环境下声景特征与声学参数的关系。在声音数据库的统计分析中,从时间与空间角度对不同自然山体周边的声环境进行差异分析,发现自然生态为主的区域最安静且自然声最多,吵闹程度起伏波动大,高密度建成区和低密度建成区的背景声压级有所升高且两种环境下的声压级水平接近,但二者的声种类及相关心理声学参数表现出显著差异性。在对深圳市三个典型自然山体周边区域的声景特征分析的基础上,根据开发建设程度和物质空间环境的不同,进一步将研究范围内的建成环境总结为十一种类型,并探讨不同类型的建成环境下,景观质量、密度强度和道路三类要素指标与声景参数的关系,总结各建成环境要素对声景的影响情况。自然生态为主的区域中,声级和声种类随时间的变化波动较大,但二者的特征并非受人工建成环境的影响,主要由天然的地理和气候环境决定。随着人工建设痕迹的逐渐介入,绿色植被的减少和少量道路的出现首先带来了声景的变化——机械声的显著增多与声级水平的升高。随着人工建设的进一步加强,山体周边高密度的城市建成区中,声环境相较于其它状态的建成环境明显吵闹,各建成环境要素均对声景起到了显著的影响作用,同时密度强度要素和道路要素对声景的影响效果显著大于景观质量要素的影响。在提倡城市与自然谐和共生的时代背景下,城市建成环境对自然山体周边区域声景的影响研究可以从城市建设的角度出发,为景观规划设计和声环境改善等领域提供新思路。
[Abstract]:In the process of urbanization today, the ecological environment has been negatively affected by urban construction. As the natural landscape of the city, the natural mountain plays an important role in improving the living environment quality of the city, and the design and construction of the surrounding area are paid more and more attention. Due to the recent pursuit of high quality of life and the continuous loss of urban natural landscape in the construction activities, the landscape and ecological quality of the surrounding areas of urban mountains become more important. The quality of ecological landscape not only affects the visual comfort and beauty, but also plays an important role in shaping the quality of auditory environment. This paper focuses on the sound scene in the surrounding area of the natural mountain body in Shenzhen, and probes into the influence of the environmental factors on the sound scene of the city. In this paper, three typical urban natural mountain bodies and surrounding construction areas in Shenzhen City are selected as field investigation points, and the sound scene and the city built environment are collected by objective data collection. Therefore, the sound scene and urban construction of the surrounding areas of the natural mountains are comprehensively grasped. On the basis of field investigation, this paper focuses on the study of acoustic scene characteristics in different natural mountain regions, and discusses the relationship between acoustic scene characteristics and acoustic parameters in various environments. In the statistical analysis of sound database, from the angle of time and space, the difference of sound environment around different natural mountain bodies is analyzed. It is found that the region dominated by natural ecology has the most quiet and natural sound, and the noisy degree fluctuates greatly. The background sound pressure level of the high-density and low-density built-up areas is increased and the sound pressure level is close to that of the two environments, but the sound types and the related psycho-acoustic parameters are significantly different between the two environments. Based on the analysis of the sound scene characteristics of the surrounding areas of three typical natural mountain bodies in Shenzhen, and according to the degree of development and construction and the difference of the physical space environment, the built environment in the scope of the study is further summarized into eleven types. The relationship between landscape quality, density and road intensity and sound scene parameters is discussed, and the influence of each built environment on sound scene is summarized. In the natural ecological regions, the sound level and sound species fluctuate greatly with time, but the characteristics of them are not affected by the artificial built environment, but mainly by the natural geography and climate environment. With the gradual intervention of artificial construction trace, the decrease of green vegetation and the appearance of a small number of roads have brought about the change of sound scene at first-the significant increase of mechanical sound and the increase of sound level. With the further strengthening of artificial construction, in the high-density urban areas around the mountain body, the sound environment is obviously noisy compared with the other state of the built environment, and each element of the built environment plays a significant role in influencing the sound scene. At the same time, the effect of density intensity factor and road factor on acoustic scene was significantly larger than that of landscape quality factor. Under the background of promoting harmony and symbiosis between city and nature, the study on the influence of urban built environment on sound scene around natural mountain body can provide new ideas for landscape planning, design and sound environment improvement from the angle of city construction.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU112;TU986

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