神农架川金丝猴生境适宜性评价

发布时间：2018-10-05 06:36

【摘要】：生境丧失和破碎化是生物多样性丧失的主要原因之一,破碎化的增加致使生境斑块间连接丧失、斑块的边缘比例增加,同时还可增加栖息地斑块中种群对干扰的敏感性,导致种群间基因交流困难、连接网络中断,种群只能存活于面积小且隔离的生境斑块中,长期以往物种将面临基因多样性丧失和高灭绝的风险。川金丝猴是我国特有的珍稀濒危物种,目前仅约25000只左右,是极其重要的种质资源,保护和恢复这个珍稀物种,可为我国生物多样性保护储备种质资源。本研究以研究区的植被图、保护区巡护数据为基础,以已有的研究成果为依据,运用景观生态学原理,借助Arcgis、Fragstats、Graphab等软件,及相关计量方法,定量评价神农架川金丝猴现有生境的景观格局特征及人类活动对其分布的影响,以明确其适宜生境的空间分布特征与差异,并确定重点保护区域,以期为该珍惜濒危物种的保护提供景观管理的参考。主要从以下内容进行：(1)人为干扰因素对神农架川金丝猴影响分析。通过已有研究成果和金丝猴分布特点对道路、农业用地干扰做出评价与分析,从而分析人为干扰因素对神农架川金丝猴的影响。(2)神农架景观格局分析。通过将研究区植被斑块按是否受农业用地干扰影响划分成不同斑块,计算其斑块类型水平的景观指数,量化分析研究区的景观特征。(3)神农架川金丝猴分布模型的建立。采用泊松回归,建立植被类型、斑块特征、农业用地干扰特征与猴群分布频数的关系。(4)神农架川金丝猴生境适宜性评价。通过模型结果和道路干扰叠加分析,评价金丝猴生境适宜性等级,分析适宜类斑块的连接度状况。这类针对特殊种群提出合理景观管理措施,可定量识别出应优先恢复的斑块,且利于确定生境廊道的位置,不仅为将来以川金丝猴为核心的生态恢复工程和廊道建设工程提供理论基础,也为准确定位生态恢复区域提供工程依据。主要结论如下：(1)通过对人为干扰的组成与分布特征分析表明：神农架自然保护区仅有55.9%的区域未受到道路干扰的影响,其已成为川金丝猴迁移的最主要障碍；农业用地对猴群产生影响的阈值为2000m,在保护区内未受到影响的面积占46.2%,农业干扰集中分布于保护区四周,川金丝猴分布区受到的农业干扰影响较道路干扰小。(2)建立斑块尺度的包含植被类型、农业用地干扰、景观格局特征的综合性神农架川金丝猴分布模型,结果表明：植被类型、农业用地干扰、景观格局对川金丝猴分布有显著影响。具体为川金丝猴偏好无农业用地干扰影响的寒温性针叶林、寒温性针叶落叶阔叶混交林、温性针叶落叶阔叶混交林,喜欢面积大、形状简单、利于利用不同类型生境的斑块。(3)研究区各植被斑块类型水平的景观格局指数表明,神农架川金丝猴常年生活的寒温性针叶落叶阔叶混交林、温性针叶落叶阔叶混交林虽然面积比例较大,但分布分散、连续性较低、破碎化程度高。(4)根据模型结果和道路干扰的叠加分析和连接度分析,得到研究区内适宜、次适宜、不适宜面积分别占21.69%、33.13%、45.18%,适宜区域面积少、无论结构连接度或功能连接度都较差,猴群迁移扩散困难。
[Abstract]:Habitat loss and fragmentation are one of the main causes of loss of biodiversity, the increase of fragmentation leads to the loss of inter-plaque connections, the edge ratio of plaques increases, and the susceptibility of populations to interference in habitat patches can be increased, leading to the difficulty of genetic communication among populations, When the connection network is interrupted, the population can only survive in small and isolated habitat patches, and long-term past species will be at risk of loss of genetic diversity and high extinction. Sichuan golden monkey is a rare and endangered species endemic to China. At present, only about 25,000 species are very important germplasm resources, protect and restore this rare species, and can protect reserve germplasm resources for biodiversity conservation in China. Based on the vegetation map of the study area and the protection data of the protected area, this study uses the theory of landscape ecology, with the help of software such as Arcgis, Fragstats, Graphab and related measurement methods. To quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of landscape pattern and the influence of human activities on the distribution of the existing habitats of Shennong Jianchuan Golden Monkey, so as to make clear the spatial distribution characteristics and differences of their suitable habitats, and to determine the distribution area, so as to provide the reference for the conservation of the endangered species. The main results are as follows: (1) the influence of human disturbance factor on the golden monkey of Shennong jia chuan county. Through the research results and the distribution characteristics of the golden monkey, the evaluation and analysis of the road and agricultural land disturbance were made, so as to analyze the influence of man-made interference factors on the Sichuan golden monkey. (2) Analysis of the landscape pattern of Shennong jia. By dividing the vegetation patches of the research area into different patches according to the influence of the disturbance of the agricultural land, the landscape index of the plaque type level is calculated, and the landscape features of the research area are quantized and analyzed. (3) Establishment of the distribution model of Sichuan golden monkey. The relationship between vegetation type, patch characteristics, disturbance characteristics of agricultural land and distribution frequency of monkeys was established by Poisson regression. (4) Suitability evaluation of the habitat suitability of Sichuan golden monkey. Through the analysis of model results and road interference, the suitability grade of the habitat suitability of the golden monkey was evaluated, and the connection degree of the suitable plaques was analyzed. This class puts forward reasonable landscape management measures for special species, can quantitatively identify the patches which should be preferentially restored, and is beneficial to determining the location of the habitat corridor, and not only provides a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration engineering and corridor construction project which is the core of the Sichuan golden monkey in the future, and also provides engineering basis for accurately positioning the ecological restoration area. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The analysis of the composition and distribution of human disturbance shows that only 50.9% of Shennong Nature Reserve is not affected by road disturbance, and it has become the main obstacle to the migration of Sichuan golden monkey. The threshold value of agricultural land on Monkey group is 2000m. There are 46. 2% of the area which is not affected in the protected area, and the agricultural interference is distributed around the protected area, and the influence of agricultural interference in the distribution area of Sichuan golden monkey is smaller than that of the road. (2) The distribution model of Sichuan golden monkey was established, including vegetation type, agricultural land disturbance and landscape pattern. The results showed that vegetation type, agricultural land disturbance and landscape pattern had significant influence on the distribution of Sichuan golden monkey. The invention relates to a cold-warm coniferous forest, a cold-temperature coniferous deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and a deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, which are particularly favorable for the preference of the Sichuan golden monkey, and has the advantages of large area and simple shape, and is beneficial to the use of patches of different types of habitats. (3) The landscape pattern index of each vegetation patch type in the study area shows that the deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of Shennong Jianchuan Sichuan golden monkey has large area proportion, but the distribution is dispersed, the continuity is low, and the fragmentation degree is high. (4) According to the model result and the superposition analysis and connection degree analysis of road interference, it is suitable for the research area, and the unsuitable area accounts for 21. 69%, 33. 13%, 45. 18% respectively, the suitable area is small, whether the structure connection degree or the function connection degree is poor, the monkey group is difficult to diffuse.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q958

【参考文献】