峡谷型风景区景观视觉敏感度评价研究

发布时间：2019-06-25 16:56

【摘要】：我国山地和高原面积广大、河川众多,造就的峡谷资源数量多、类型全、分布广,峡谷型风景区因其较高的观赏价值和旅游价值倍受旅游者的青睐,旅游热度呈现逐年增加之势。然而,在峡谷型风景区的旅游开发和建设过程中,由于人们对景观视觉环境的认识和重视程度不足,对其保护管理与开发利用的关系处理不当,因此造成了景观视觉资源的污染和破坏,留下大量的破坏性人工痕迹。若不采取有效的措施进行保护,视觉污染终会成为现代旅游业可持续发展的瓶颈。景观视觉敏感度评价可作为协调风景区视觉资源保护与开发的手段,即根据风景区景观视觉敏感度的评价分析结果,对景观视觉目标进行分级管理,保护好视觉高敏感区域,合理开发视觉低敏感区域,实现视觉环境破坏程度的最小化,为峡谷型风景区可持续规划与建设提供借鉴。但目前这一手段的利用效果并不明显,主要原因是相关理论体系的匮乏和落后、研究对象上欠缺针对性,使得在敏感度评价过程中缺乏科学的依据以及针对具体研究对象的量化体系。因此,本文在参考国内学者的传统理论与实践成果基础上,针对峡谷型风景区的景观视觉特征,对目前传统评价技术方法与各因子的敏感度等级标准等进行了归纳总结和尝试性的改进。利用GIS强大的空间分析功能作为技术工具,对景观视觉敏感度的主导影响因子进行定量叠加,以期总结出一套适用于峡谷型风景区的景观视觉敏感度评价技术,为其视觉目标分级保护与管理提供一种更为科学合理的理论参考。本文研究的内容主要为以下三大部分：第一部分为评价理论基础研究,首先对峡谷型风景区的景观构成要素、景观特征和视觉特征进行解析,达到对峡谷型风景区有一个基础认识的目的；然后对影响景观视觉敏感度的因素进行论述,为下文景观视觉敏感度评价指标的选取提供参考；第二部分为评价技术研究,该部分是本文的核心内容。主要内容包括：评价目标、评价原理与步骤、评价模型的建立、评价方法以及评价结果应用五方面。其中,根据研究对象峡谷的景观视觉特征,选择了对视觉敏感度影响较大的相对坡度Sa、相对距离Sd、视觉几率St以及醒目程度Se四个因子,并逐一分析和评价,利用Arc GIS形成综合景观视觉敏感度分级图。最后,阐述了视觉敏感度评价主要应用于景观视觉的目标分级管理,并对每个管理等级区域提出了相应的管理措施,为峡谷型风景区的景观视觉资源保护和景观管理提供科学依据。第三部分为实例研究,本文将上述评价指标和方法运用到重庆市潭獐峡国家级风景区中,借助GIS技术对研究区域进行详细的景观视觉敏感度评价分析,将景观视觉综合敏感度从高(Ⅰ级)到低(Ⅳ级)划分为四级,并根据分析结果提出相应的视觉目标分级管理建议。
[Abstract]:The mountainous area and the plateau area of our country have a large area and a large number of river and valley resources, and the type is full, the distribution is wide, and the valley type scenic area is more and more popular with the tourists because of its higher ornamental value and tourism value, and the degree of tourism heat is increasing year by year. However, in the course of the tourism development and construction of the canyon-type scenic area, the relationship between the protection management and the development and utilization of the landscape visual environment is not handled properly, and the pollution and the destruction of the landscape visual resources are caused, Leaving a lot of destructive artificial marks. If we do not take effective measures to protect, the visual pollution will become the bottleneck of the sustainable development of modern tourism. The landscape visual sensitivity evaluation can be used as a means to coordinate the protection and development of the visual resources of the scenic area, that is, according to the evaluation and analysis result of the landscape visual sensitivity of the scenic area, the landscape visual target is classified and managed, the visual high-sensitive area is protected, and the visual low-sensitive area is reasonably developed, To minimize the degree of damage to the visual environment, provide reference for the sustainable planning and construction of the canyon-type scenic area. However, the use effect of this method is not obvious, the main reason is the lack of the relevant theoretical system and the lag, the research object lacks the pertinence, so that the scientific basis and the quantitative system for the specific research object are lacking in the sensitivity evaluation process. Therefore, on the basis of reference to the traditional theories and practical achievements of the domestic scholars, this paper summarizes the current traditional evaluation methods and the sensitivity grade standards of various factors, and the improvement of the trial performance. By using the powerful spatial analysis function of GIS as a technical tool, the dominant influence factor of the landscape visual sensitivity is quantitatively superposed, so that a set of landscape vision sensitivity evaluation techniques suitable for the canyon-type scenic area are summarized, And provides a more scientific and reasonable theoretical reference for the classification protection and management of the visual target. The content of this paper is the following three parts: the first part is the basic research of the evaluation theory, and the first part is to analyze the landscape components, the landscape characteristics and the visual characteristics of the canyon-type scenic area, so as to achieve the purpose of the basic understanding of the valley-type scenic area; Then, the paper discusses the factors that affect the visual sensitivity of the landscape, and provides a reference for the selection of the landscape visual sensitivity evaluation index. The second part is the evaluation technology research, which is the core content of this paper. The main contents include: the evaluation goal, the evaluation principle and the step, the establishment of the evaluation model, the evaluation method and the application of the evaluation result. The relative slope Sa, the relative distance Sd, the visual probability St and the striking degree Se were selected for the visual sensitivity according to the landscape visual characteristics of the study target canyon, and the comprehensive landscape visual sensitivity grading map was formed by Arc GIS one by one. Finally, the paper expounds that the visual sensitivity evaluation is mainly applied to the target-level management of the landscape vision, and puts forward corresponding management measures for each management level area, and provides the scientific basis for the landscape visual resource protection and landscape management of the canyon-type scenic area. The third part is an example study. In this paper, the above-mentioned evaluation index and method are applied to the national scenic area of the Xiangxia National Scenic Area of Chongqing, and the study area is evaluated and analyzed with the help of the GIS technology. The comprehensive sensitivity of landscape vision is divided into four levels from high (level I) to low (level IV), and corresponding visual target level management suggestions are proposed according to the analysis results.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.18

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