山水画意境对园林营造的影响

发布时间：2017-12-27 23:04

本文关键词：山水画意境对园林营造的影响　出处：《河北师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国山水画在几千年的发展历程当中对园林的营造有很多启示。两者都是集自然和人文因素为一体的以营造意境为审美理想的艺术表现形式。中国传统文人往往将山水画和园林作为抒情言志的依托。中国山水画艺术和中国式古典园林是中国特有的艺术形式,具有深厚的文化底蕴。从历史角度分析,山水画的独立和园林营造几乎形成于同一时间段,主要是因为魏晋南北朝时期玄学思想兴起,中国文人寄情山水的审美意识开始觉醒。艺术家对生活的理解越深刻、对自然观察的越仔细,其创作出来的作品意境越深远。从创作角度看,它们在意境的营造上也有很多相同的地方,而且构成元素也大致相同如:山、石、建筑、树木、水体等。山水画意境营造需要藏露、疏密、虚实、大小、层次、空间等各方面来丰富画面,园林的营造也同样是采用这些手法来丰富空间,从而使园林更有意境。山水画与园林虽然分属不同的领域,表现空间的方式也不相同,但是所要创造的空间美感以及意境营造的方式是相同的,即都是艺术家对大自然的景观进行认真观察后,进一步的概括、提炼,将这些元素有秩序的组合起来,从而达到符合艺术家和观赏者的审美要求。诗、书、画、印的完美结合使山水画趋于完善,园林艺术也是通过诗词、建筑、山石、树木、水体等之间相互联系,构成引人入胜的园林景观。本文是从山水画和园林的历史发展脉络入手,以山水画和园林的构成要素以及营造方式为研究对象,得出中国山水画意境和园林营造手法在构图上的一致性的结论。重点分析、研究山水画和园林在创作思想上表现出来的共同的“天人合一”的审美理想以及与大自然对话的渴望。由于园林在创作手法上是以山水画理论为依据,根据经验进行营造,因此便造成了二者在布局方法上的相似性,即都是时间、空间的表现以及动态的风景式的布局。本文还力图结合皇家园林颐和园和江南私家园林拙政园的造园实例,进一步深入分析山水画意境对园林营造的影响。本文分为五大部分:第一章,简述山水画和园林艺术的发展史。第二章,对山水画和园林意境的初探。其中包括意境的含义的界定以及山水画和园林意境与空间的表现形式两个部分。山水画的意境是通过高超的笔墨技巧、精心的构图、虚实的把握等营造的;而园林意境营造和空间的表现是通过内向与外向的布局、景致的主从关系以及物象的疏密、大小、虚实、藏露等来实现的。第三章,首先从山水画的构图与园林布局进行分析,得出两者在构图上的一致性,然后具体分析山水画和园林的四要素在营造时的类同。第四章,是论文的主旨,从自然观的角度分析山水画和园林是受同一种美学思想影响而诞生的两种不同的艺术形式。形式不同,意境的表达方式不同,但又都崇尚自然,追求自然当中所散发出的诗情画意的人文空间。结合颐和园和拙政园的造园实例,进一步分析山水画意境对园林的影响。它们不仅具有自然美,更重要的是经过艺术家的理性和感性思维营造出意境美和含蓄美。第五章,主要阐述山水画艺术对现代园林建设的启发。现代园林建设要批判的继承,融合新的理念,将“可游可居”的理念进一步升华,并且融进人们现代化的生活。本文的目的是让人们认识到当代园林设计中应该怎样应用山水画中的意境美。从传统的山水画理论当中总结适合园林意境营造的理论,使其人文特征更加明显,从而进一步发展。
[Abstract]:Chinese landscape painting has a lot of inspiration for the construction of garden in the course of thousands of years of development. Both are the artistic expression forms which combine natural and humanistic factors with the creation of artistic conception as an aesthetic ideal. China often will be relying on the traditional literati lyrical painting and landscape garden. Chinese landscape art and Chinese classical garden are unique artistic forms in China, with profound cultural background. Analysis from the angle of history, independence and landscape landscape painting formed in almost the same time, mainly because of the rise of metaphysics in Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties period, China literati landscape aesthetic consciousness awakening. The more profound the artist's understanding of life and the more careful the observation of the nature, the more profound the artistic conception of the works it has created. From the perspective of creation, they also have many similarities in the creation of artistic conception, and their constituent elements are roughly the same, such as mountains, stones, buildings, trees, water bodies, etc. The creation of artistic conception of landscape painting needs enriching pictures in various aspects, such as hide and dew, density, virtual reality, size, level, space and so on. The construction of gardens is also to enrich the space with these techniques, so as to make gardens more artistic. Although the landscape and landscape belong to different areas, the space is not the same, but to create a space for aesthetic and artistic conception in the same way, that is the nature of the landscape artist to observe carefully, further summarized and refined, the combination of these elements in order to achieve. Meet the aesthetic requirements of the artist and the viewer. The perfect combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing improves landscape painting. Landscape art is also an intergral landscape through poetry, architecture, stone, trees and water bodies. This paper starts with the historical development of landscape painting and gardens, and takes the elements and ways of landscape painting and garden as the research object, and draws the conclusion that the artistic conception of Chinese landscape painting and the gardening techniques are consistent in composition. It focuses on analyzing and studying the common aesthetic ideal of "harmony between man and nature" and the desire for dialogue with nature in landscape paintings and gardens. Because the landscape architecture is based on the theory of landscape painting and based on experience, it creates the similarity between the two layout methods, that is, the performance of time and space, and the layout of dynamic landscape. This paper also tries to combine the gardens of royal gardens and gardens of the Summer Palace and private gardens of Humble Administrator's Garden to further analyze the influence of landscape artistic conception on landscape architecture. This article is divided into five parts: Chapter one, the development history of landscape painting and landscape art. The second chapter, the exploration of landscape painting and garden artistic conception. It includes two parts: the definition of the meaning of the artistic conception, the landscape painting and the expressive form of the artistic conception and space. Landscape painting is the superb painting skills, carefully grasp the actual composition, building and garden; artistic conception and space performance is through the master-slave relationship of inward and outward views and images of the layout, size, density, strength, etc. to achieve the Tibetan dew. In the third chapter, we first analyze the composition and layout of landscape painting, and draw the consistency between them. Then we analyze the similarities between the four elements of landscape painting and garden building. The fourth chapter is the main purpose of the thesis. From the view of nature, the landscape painting and garden are two different kinds of artistic forms which are born by the same aesthetic thought. In different forms, the expression of artistic conception is different, but they all advocate nature, and pursue the poetic and artistic human space which is emanated from nature. Combined with the example of the Summer Palace and Humble Administrator's Garden, the influence of landscape painting artistic conception to garden is further analyzed. They not only have natural beauty, but also create artistic and implicit beauty through the rational and perceptual thinking of the artists. The fifth chapter mainly expounds the inspiration of landscape painting to the construction of modern garden. The modern garden construction should inherit critically, merge the new idea, further sublimate the idea of "can travel can live", and melt into the modern life of people. The purpose of this article is to make people realize how to apply the beauty of artistic conception in the landscape painting in the contemporary landscape design. From the traditional landscape painting theory, it summarizes the theory suitable for the construction of garden artistic conception, so that its humanistic characteristics are more obvious, thus further development.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986;J212

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