植物科学绘图中绘画技法的应用

发布时间：2018-01-28 09:30

本文关键词： 植物科学绘图科学依据　出处：《河北师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从古到今，科学家们去探索未知的世界，搜集认识到各种新物种，通过制作标本，使新物种的模样得以保存，但遗憾的是，它会慢慢的变化，失去原本的模样，为了弥补这个遗憾，科学家开始与画师联手，对新事物进行绘制，用一张张图片让当时的人们开阔眼界，认知世界。本课题主要从植物绘图研究意义、调查与资料搜集的方法、观察方式的异同、画面的构图与构思、绘制方法五个方面来进行论述。通过作者真正的参与到植物绘图中，在过程中积累经验，从各个环节区分两者的不同，找到正确的技法，发现绘画的乐趣，总结于本文。植物科学绘图以科学为基础，以绘画为手段，它的存在具有普遍性和重要性，无论何种媒介，只要涉及到植物知识，都会出现相应的画面来让读者直观的进行认知，结合文字语言，让读者更深刻的去观察，去了解。在学校，植物科学绘图是作为学习的手段出现，学生们对植物的外部特征、内部结构进行学习，都通过图片与文字的结合。想要绘制出严谨的植物特点，资料的搜集是必不可少的第一步，植物受自然的影响，会呈现出不同的面貌，必须进行大量的植物状态的搜集，有了足够的资料进行比对和提炼，才能绘制出正确的植物结构，然后再呈现在画面中，如果面对的是一幅已经濒临灭绝的或者已经在地球上消失了的植物绘图，那就显得弥足珍贵了。一般的绘图目的在于教授，观察环节的粗略概括会导致绘制技法上的不足，画面细节的缺失，相比国外发展成熟的植物绘图来说，还有很大的发展空间。随着科学一点点的进步，研究方式一点点的提升，人们观察能力也变得越来越强，，同时，绘画的技法也被要求进一步的提高，图片愈发的精美细致，构图的取巧和美感也随之表现在画面中。无论是外形、结构、色彩都带给人美的感受。通过对植物进行绘制，找到它特有的绘画技法。不同科、属的植物外形是不同的，同一科、属中的植物种类又有很多不同的特征。长、短、粗、细、密集和稀疏等特点，加之植物各个部分，根、茎、叶、花、果，还有一些细微的剖面图，内部结构，都是需要通过观察之后展现出来的部分，要面面俱到。如何把它们摆放在一幅画面中，是一件很有趣的事情，这是科学与艺术最简单的结合，是画面的基础。但是在艺术绘画中，像植物绘图这样的排列式构图是很少见的，多会赋予画面前后虚实的穿插关系，突出主题，淡化背景，甚至为了画面去掉一部分事物，表达出作者创作的意义。在表现植物的各种性状特征的绘画中，所需要的绘制方式是不同的，但是科学严谨是基础，在这个框架中，点、线、面的结合给予了植物绘图很好的韵律感，根据植物的整体特点，让三种基本绘画元素以变换的面貌和多种不同的组合方式简洁的出现在画面中，提炼并展示出植物的基本特点，这是画面的骨架，也称植物墨线图，严谨而优雅，直观且准确。这一点和艺术绘画有些许共性，但也有不同，因为艺术绘画的种类很多，同一种事物的表达方式也会有大相径庭的时候，所以比较主观，会取决于绘画者的思维，可控因素少。色彩是画面的灵魂，赋予画面生命和活力，植物的固有色本身就很美好，但如果能稍微考虑到环境色的影响，和光影变幻的效果，绘制出将会是美轮美奂的画面，不是单纯死板的植物，而是生活在大自然中的植物。符合植物特征同时具有艺术的韵味。在植物科学绘图中，绘画发挥了很重要的作用，是科学绘图的重要工具，而植物绘图是绘画的一个结果，两者的结合，使画面具有很好的学习和收藏价值。
[Abstract]:From ancient to present , scientists went to explore unknown worlds , collect new species , and save them by making a specimen . Unfortunately , it will slowly change and lose the original model . In order to make up for this regret , scientists have begun to work with the painter to draw up new things , and use a picture to let people at the time broaden their horizons and cognize the world . This thesis mainly discusses the significance , investigation and data collection methods of plant mapping , the similarities and differences of observation methods , the composition and conception of the screen , and the five aspects of drawing method . Through the author ' s real participation in the plant drawing , the author has accumulated the experience in the process , distinguishes them from each link , finds the correct technique , finds the pleasure of painting , and summarizes it in this paper . Plant science drawing is based on science , by painting as a means , its existence has universality and importance , no matter what kind of media , as long as it involves the plant knowledge , there will appear the corresponding picture to make the reader perceive and understand . In school , plant science drawing is necessary first step , the plant is influenced by nature , it can draw out the correct plant structure , and then present in the picture , if facing is a plant plot which is on the verge of extinction or has disappeared on the earth , it is very precious . The general purpose of drawing is to teach , the rough outline of the observation link can lead to the shortage of drawing technique , the lack of picture details , and the great development space compared with the development of mature plant plot abroad . With the development of science a little , the observation ability becomes more and more intense . At the same time , the technique of painting is also required to be further improved , the picture is becoming more exquisite and detailed , and the exquisite and aesthetic feeling of the composition is also displayed in the picture . Whether it is shape , structure and color , it brings the feeling of beauty . It is a very interesting thing to put them in a picture . It ' s a very interesting thing to put them in a picture . It ' s a very interesting thing to put them in a picture . It ' s a very interesting thing to put them in a picture . It ' s a very interesting thing . In painting of various character characteristics of the plant , the necessary drawing mode is different , but the scientific and rigorous is the foundation . In this framework , the combination of points , lines and faces gives a good sense of rhythm to the plants . According to the whole characteristics of the plants , three basic painting elements appear in the picture in a simple and elegant manner . This is the skeleton of the picture . It is also called the plant ink line graph , strict and elegant , intuitive and accurate . Color is the soul of the picture , gives the picture life and vitality , the natural color of the plant itself is very good , but if it can take into account the influence of the environmental color , and the effect of the illusion , draw a picture which will be beautiful , not simply a dead plate , but the plant living in nature . In the plant science drawing , painting plays an important role , is an important tool of scientific drawing , and the plant drawing is a result of painting , and the combination of the two makes the picture have good learning and collection value .

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J204

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