宋代院体工笔花鸟画的写意性研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 05:00

本文选题：宋代院体画　切入点：写意性　出处：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宋代院体画写实特点比较突出,但在表现其写实性的同时,写意性也同样存在于其中。本文以宋代院体画中的工笔花鸟画为例来论述其中的写意性表达。宋代院体工笔花鸟画在中国绘画史上达到了巅峰,是绘画发展史上的一个重要时期。当时的社会政治稳定,经济文化繁荣,在这样的环境下,会让人们在满足物质需求的同时,去追寻精神层面的享受。统治阶层受理学思想的影响,推崇重文抑武的政策,加之自身对绘画的喜爱,建立画院,礼遇画家,使得画院在宋代趋于成熟,出现了一大批为宫廷服务的画家,根据统治者的需要,喜好去作画。这就为工笔花鸟画的发展提供了一个很好的空间。理是事物的内在规律,本质,是对本真的追求。在这样的社会背景和理性思潮的时代风貌下,使得宋代院体工笔花鸟画具有富贵“写实”的特点。但宋代院体工笔花鸟画的写实与西方绘画的写实在某些方面是不同的。西方写实绘画的写生方式、科学理性的观察方法、客观严谨的构图方式、解剖透视法作为表现手段的绘画风格。从物象的形状、颜色、质感、空间、比例关系等方面入手,偏向客观地再现事物的外观,比较依赖客观物象,常立足于相对固定的时间或空间内,采用光影来表现体积,再现如大自然般真实的色彩。而宋代院体工笔花鸟画追求的写实是从事物的结构、造型入手,追求与真实物象贴切。但这只是一个表象,实际是通过对事物的真实描绘去寻求其内在的本质,是对事物的本真和精神的描绘,创作者将其情感融入其中,去写真实的生活。需要主体在描绘时掌握其规律和特点后,去进行的主观处理。这个过程就需要在写生中写实,其中就是写意性的表达。宋代院体工笔花鸟画在演变的过程中出现了不同的画派,起初是黄荃富贵,后来崔白进行变法,把徐熙的野逸发展了起来,到了赵佶时期吸收二者的优点,再后来发展出来的文人意笔画。但无论哪个时期,以形写神都达到很高造诣,可谓神形兼备,都具有写意性的表达。虽然有很多观点证明宋代院体工笔花鸟画是写实的,但是纵观中国绘画史它是写意的。当今社会比起宋代,更是一个多元化的时期。在发展中出现了一些新的元素如西学东渐、新型材料,导致出现了很多种持有不同观点的绘画流派。不同流派间的碰撞,加之人心浮躁、跟风等,使得当代工笔画形式丰富的同时,流于制作性。从历届全国美展的作品中能够发现,工笔画多于写意画,制作性多于绘画性。本文将置身到宋代院体工笔花鸟画中,重点阐述其中的写意性表达,及其重要性。以及对当代工笔画在创作时存在的问题提供一些启示。
[Abstract]:The characteristics of realistic painting in the Song Dynasty are quite prominent, but at the same time, it shows its realism. The freehand brushwork also exists in it. This article takes the fine brushwork and bird painting of the Song Dynasty as an example to discuss the freehand brushwork expression. The Song Dynasty Academy fine brushwork flower-and-bird painting has reached the peak in the history of Chinese painting. It is an important period in the history of painting development. Social and political stability, economic and cultural prosperity at that time, in such an environment, will allow people to meet material needs at the same time, To pursue the spiritual enjoyment. The ruling class accepted the influence of learning thought, respected the policy of emphasizing literature and suppressing military force, in addition to their own love of painting, the establishment of painting school, courtesy to artists, so that the school in the Song Dynasty tend to mature, There appeared a large number of painters who served the court and liked to paint according to the needs of the rulers. This provided a good space for the development of meticulous flower-and-bird paintings. Reason is the inherent law and essence of things. It is the pursuit of truth. Under such social background and rational trend of thought, It makes the fine brushwork of the Song Dynasty have the characteristic of rich and noble "realistic". But the realism of the fine brushwork of the Song Dynasty is different from that of the western painting in some aspects. The realistic way of the western realistic painting, the scientific and rational observation method, Objective and rigorous composition, anatomical perspective as a means of expression of the painting style. From the object shape, color, texture, space, proportion relations and other aspects, tend to objectively reproduce the appearance of things, more dependent on objective objects, Often based on a relatively fixed time or space, the use of light and shadow to represent the volume, to reproduce the true color as nature. And the Song Dynasty fine brushwork flower-and-bird painting pursuit of realism is from the structure of things, modeling, But this is only a representation. In fact, it is to seek the inner essence of things through the true depiction of things, to depict the truth and spirit of things, and the creators to incorporate their emotions into them. To write about real life. It requires subjective treatment by the subject after mastering its laws and characteristics. This process requires realism in sketching. Among them is the expression of freehand brushwork. In the process of evolution of the fine brushwork and bird painting of the Song Dynasty, different painting schools appeared. At first, Huang Quan was rich and expensive, then Cui Bai reformed the method, which developed Xu Xi's wild and easy life. By the time of Zhao Ji, he absorbed the advantages of the two and later developed the literati brushstrokes. However, no matter which time, he achieved high attainments in writing God in form, which can be described as a combination of spirit and form. Although there are many viewpoints that prove that the fine brushwork and bird painting of the Song Dynasty is realistic, but throughout the history of Chinese painting it is freehand brushwork. It is also a period of diversification. In the process of development, some new elements have emerged, such as the gradual development of Western learning to the east and new materials, which has led to the emergence of many painting schools with different views. The collision between different schools, coupled with the impetuosity of the people and following the trend, and so on, From the works of previous national art exhibitions, we can find that fine brushwork is more than freehand brushwork and production is more than painting. This article will place itself in the fine brushwork of the Song Dynasty. The emphasis is on the freehand brushwork expression and its importance, as well as some enlightenment to the problems existing in the creation of contemporary fine brushwork.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J212

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