从现实主义的角度看“伤痕美术”的悲剧意识与反思精神

发布时间：2018-04-09 13:26

本文选题：伤痕美术　切入点：悲剧意识　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“伤痕美术”指的是二十世纪七十年代末八十年代初,经历了文化大革命洗礼,艺术界产生的一股对于文化大革命十年人们所受磨难的反思,它是以当时人们的艰苦生活为内容,以批判和反思文革事件为主要表现题材具有悲剧意识与反思精神的表现现实主义的美术思潮与现象。“伤痕美术”在近代中国美术史中意义重大,体现了文革过后,艺术家以及广大民众对于文革的理性反思以及对于文革所造成重大伤害所产生的深深的悲剧意识,“伤痕美术”一反文革美术中对于人的死板僵硬的描绘刻画,采用现实主义的写实方式表现了画家最真实的心理,同时也是整个时代的心理写照——对于文革所造成创伤的深深的悲剧意识以及理性的反思。这种悲剧意识与理性反思精神对于当代艺术也极具借鉴价值,自“85”以后,艺术越来越脱离政治的控制,转而只关注自身的表达,这种转变虽然让艺术不再依附于政治,但同时它渐渐脱离了对于自然人,对于人生,对于人的生活,对于人性的关注,现实主义精神在当代美术中已是渐行渐远。因此“伤痕美术”以及由“伤痕美术”中产生的用现实主义的手法表现出的悲剧意识与反思精神对于当代美术意义重大。“伤痕美术”的悲剧意识与反思精神是“伤痕美术”的核心精神内涵,它体现在几个主要的方面。1.从题材内容上来看,“伤痕美术”的悲剧意识与反思精神是对文革造成的悲剧性后果的反映。2.从反应客观真实上来看,“伤痕美术”的悲剧意识与反思精神是对描绘对象的客观真实的反应。3.从作品内涵来看,“伤痕美术”的悲剧意识与反思精神是对画家以及所描绘对象心理的真实反映。4.“伤痕美术”的悲剧意识与反思精神促进了“伤痕”艺术家向国外艺术的借鉴。特殊历史条件下产生的“伤痕美术”,不仅形成了自己独特的艺术语言、艺术思想与艺术情怀,还在表现现实主义方面也做出了突出贡献。在题材内容上,“伤痕美术”之前的艺术并未真正意义上的关注社会生活,关注自然生活,关注人文精神,尤其是文革时期的美术,对于人性,自然生活的关注极少,而到了“伤痕美术”时期,在题材内容上才开始回归现实主义路线,出现了表现知青生活以及人民自然生活的题材。在表现手法上,文革时期的美术程式化,套路化,表现手段单一刻板,“红光亮”“高大全”“三突出”相结合的原则,严重脱离了现实主义的表现手法,而在“伤痕美术”里表现手法出现了很大的进步,采用现实主义的表现手法客观的描写所描绘的对象。在作品思想内涵方面,“伤痕美术”与“文革美术”中所有作品都表现积极向上、喜气洋洋的的精神面貌不同,它的作品开始注重人性的表现,画面中的人物呈现出各式各样的性格与心理,通常都表现出浓浓的悲剧意识与反思精神。这种尊重现实,描绘人物真正的心理状态的表现方式正体现了现实主义精神。艺术作品之所以能够打动人心来自于艺术家超高的表现手法与题材内容,但更来自于艺术家与所表现对象的真情实感,只有这几点能够统一融合才会产生震撼人心灵的美术作品。“伤痕美术”之所以打动人心原因就在于他用现实主义的表现方式,对于社会生活,对于人生,对于人性,对于生命本体的深入挖掘,作品背后的悲剧意识与理性反思精神体现出真正的现实主义精神。这是“伤痕美术”能够深深的打动观者并在近代史中具有重要地位的根本原因。也是当代艺术最需要借鉴的地方,只有从社会中的人的角度出发,以现实主义的精神关怀社会生活,关注自然生活,体悟人生命运,以悲剧意识和反思精神品读当下生活反思过去生活,塑造出来的艺术作品才会让人经久回味,价值永恒。
[Abstract]:"Scar art" refers to the end of 1970s and early 80s, experienced a baptism of the cultural revolution, art produced for ten years of the Cultural Revolution by people suffering reflection, it is the hard life of people at that time for the content, to express the realistic criticism and reflection of the Cultural Revolution event is the main theme is the consciousness of tragedy and reflect the spirit of the art trend and phenomenon. "Scar art" of great significance in the history of modern art Chinese, reflected after the cultural revolution, artists and the general public for the rational reflection on the cultural revolution and the cultural revolution caused significant damage caused by the deep sense of tragedy, "scar art" anti art during the cultural revolution in the people depicted the rigid characterization, using a realist style painter most real psychological, is also the era of the psychological portrayal For the cultural revolution caused by the trauma of the deep tragic consciousness and rational reflection. This kind of tragedy consciousness and spirit of rational reflection on contemporary art is of great reference value, since the "85" after the control of art more and more divorced from politics, and only pay attention to their own expression, although this change let art no longer depend on politics, but at the same time it out for a natural person, for life, for life, for human concern, the spirit of realism in contemporary art is lopsided. Therefore, "scar art", produced by the "scar art" in the realistic show tragedy consciousness and reflective spirit for contemporary art significant. "Scar art" tragedy consciousness and spirit is the reflection of the "scar art" core spirit connotation, it is reflected in several aspects from the subject and content of.1. See, "scar art" tragedy consciousness and spirit of reflection is the tragic consequences of the cultural revolution caused by the reflection of.2. from the reaction of objective reality point of view, "scar art" tragedy consciousness and spirit of reflection is to describe object real reaction.3. works from the perspective of connotation, "scar art" tragedy consciousness and spirit of reflection is the painter as well as depicted object psychological reflect.4. "scar art" tragedy consciousness and spirit of reflection to promote the "Scar" artists to foreign art lessons. Produced under special historical conditions of "scar art", not only has formed its own unique artistic language, artistic ideas and feelings, also express the realistic it has made outstanding contributions in the subject and content, "scar art" prior art is not the true sense of the social life, natural life,. Note the humanistic spirit, especially during the Cultural Revolution to the human nature, art, natural life little attention, and to the "scar art" period, the subject matter is beginning to return the realistic route, appeared youth life and people's natural life theme. In the way, the Cultural Revolution art program routine, means a single, rigid, "red light" "high," three prominent "the principle of combining seriously out of realistic expression, and the expression of the great progress in the" scar art ", with realistic expression objective description is depicted. In the work of ideological connotation," all works of scar art "and" Cultural Revolution Art "are positive, the spirit of bursting with happiness, it works begin to pay attention to the performance of human nature, in the picture The figure shows every kind of character and mental, usually exhibit strong tragedy consciousness and spirit of reflection. In this respect the reality, depicting the character psychology real expression reflects the spirit of realism. The art works are able to move people from the artists high performance techniques and themes, but more from the the artist and the object of real feelings, only these points can be unified fusion will produce shock the soul of art. "Scar art" is to impress people because he used realistic expression, for social life, for life, for human nature, for the deep mining of life ontology, works behind the tragedy consciousness and rational reflection spirit reflect the true spirit of realism. This is the "scar art" can be deeply moved by the audience and in modern history The fundamental reason has an important position in contemporary art. Also most in need of reference, only starting from the people in the society's point of view, with a realistic spirit of caring social life, natural life, understanding life fate, tragedy consciousness and spirit of reflection to read the present life to reflect on the past life, created works of art will be let the people long aftertaste, eternal value.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J205

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