中国古代绘画中的鬼神形象研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 12:29

本文选题：鬼神绘画 + 鬼神形象　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国古代绘画中的鬼神形象一直可以追溯到原始社会,并且贯穿于整个古代绘画的进程,是一种存在时间较长的绘画题材。在远古社会,先民们相信“万物有灵”的观念,不仅把太阳、月亮、风雨雷电、山川、河流当作神,甚至是各种植物、动物、微小的生物都当作神来崇拜。人们希望借助对神灵的崇拜,使自己的愿望和幻想可以顺利地得以实现,创造了丰富的神灵形象——图腾。神灵的图腾绘画有多种,最早的是动物形状,有鱼、鸟、蛙、蛇、鹿等；第二种是半人半兽的图腾,其身形是人首兽身,或是兽首人身,或是人身上有动物的某个部分；第三种是象征型图腾,动物的原形已经完全失去,图腾只是具有着象征的意义。到了东汉时期,古印度产生的佛教被传入了中国,隋唐时期更是到达鼎盛。这一阶段,中国美术中出现了大量以佛教信仰为主题的鬼神形象,最具代表的是石窟艺术。通过对石窟壁画中的神像的比较发现,神像的创造逐步被中国化,成为了更符合中国人观赏习惯的样式,并且与现实世界的人物接近。鬼神绘画受到政治、宗教、文学等影响,成为了古代绘画中较为多见的绘画题材,且一直被保留了下来。后期的鬼神绘画为政治、宗教服务的地位逐渐削弱,成为文人画家们也喜欢描绘的绘画题材,借鬼神形象抒发个人情怀,画家们参照前人绘画的基本形式。其中,曹不兴、顾恺之、吴道子、石恪、贯休、梁楷对鬼神绘画都作出了很大的贡献。同时,画家们发挥了自己丰富的想象力,创造出多姿多彩的鬼神形象,富于表现力……这些都颇具研究价值。
[Abstract]:The image of ghosts and gods in ancient Chinese painting can be traced back to the primitive society and runs through the process of the whole ancient painting. In ancient times, people believed in the concept of "everything is alive", not only the sun, moon, rain, thunder and lightning, mountains, rivers as gods, and even all kinds of plants, animals, tiny creatures as gods. People hope to make their wishes and fantasies come true smoothly with the help of worship of gods, and create rich images of gods-totem. There are many kinds of totem paintings of gods, the earliest of which are animal shapes, such as fish, bird, frog, snake, deer, etc. The second is the totem of half man and half animal, whose body shape is human head animal body, or animal head person, or human body has some part of animal; The third is symbolic totem, the animal's original form has been completely lost, totem is only symbolic significance. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism from ancient India was introduced into China, and the Sui and Tang dynasties reached its peak. In this stage, there appeared a large number of images of ghosts and gods with the theme of Buddhist belief in Chinese art, the most representative of which was grotto art. Through the comparison of the idols in the cave murals, it is found that the creation of the idols has gradually been Chinese, and has become more in line with the Chinese viewing habits, and is close to the characters in the real world. Ghost painting, influenced by politics, religion and literature, has become a common painting theme in ancient painting, and has been preserved all the time. The late painting of ghosts and gods for politics, the status of religious services gradually weakened, become literati painters also like to describe the subject matter of painting, using the image of ghosts to express personal feelings, painters refer to the basic forms of painting predecessors. Among them, Cao Buxing, Gu Kaizhi, Wu Daozi, Shi Ke, Guan Xiu and Richard Liang made great contributions to the painting of ghosts and gods. At the same time, painters display their own rich imagination, create colorful images of ghosts and gods, rich in expressive power. These are worthy of study.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J209.2

【参考文献】