“异托邦”理论的建构—福柯的空间美学思想研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 19:34

【摘要】：福柯的一生,就是一个哲学家寻求一种全新的生活方式的一生。福柯一生致力于一种对现代理性的批判,尤其是从本体论层面确立了空间在理论思考中的优先性。他的空间理论影响广泛,而“异托邦”则贯穿了福柯的全部学说:一方面表现为“异托邦”理论里潜藏的空间化思考;一方面也可以从中看到诗性的隐喻,一种审美的观照。“异托邦”粉碎了人们带有理性主义色彩的“乌托邦”的美梦,却把一个可以在真实空间实现的审美生存留给我们。笔者通过对福柯著述的阅读,看到他的思想体系中隐含有阶段性的特性。具体说来,福柯的学说可以分为知识考古学、权力谱系学和生存美学三个阶段。有趣的是,他每个阶段的思想中都包含有对空间性——尤其是对异质性的空间即“异托邦”的思考。本文试图梳理出福柯学说体系从空间化知识观到空间化权力观,再到空间美学的线索,找出三者内在的关系,从而揭示出福柯对“异托邦”理论美学意义上的建构过程。本文分三部分。第一部分主要从福柯所处时代的社会现状和空间观着手,概括说明福柯“异托邦”概念的时代和思想背景。本章首先交代了福柯所处时代的历史特征,接着按照福柯提出的空间谱系线索,梳理了与“异托邦”理论相关的空间观念的发展历程。“异托邦”思想正是伴随“二战”的结束,顺应“后殖民主义”和“空间转向”的潮流而诞生的。第二部分以福柯直接论及“异托邦”的文本为依托,展开对“异托邦”概念的分析和整理。本章交代了福柯提出“异托邦”概念的过程,在此基础上以“镜子”为例分析了“异托邦”与“乌托邦”的区别,按照福柯的《不同的空间》文本概括整理出“异托邦”的六大特征,以还原“异托邦”理论的本来含义。第三部分在福柯学说的范围内,考察了他的空间化知识与空间化权力以及空间美学理论三者间的内在关系,探讨了福柯的“异托邦”理论的建构过程。末章首先考察了福柯在《疯癫与文明》和《词与物》中对现代的知识与真理的思考,总结了“知识型”这一空间化知识观;接着从话语权力和规训权力两方面来论述了权力和空间的关系问题,结合对监狱的分析,论证了福柯的“空间是任何权力运作的基础”这一经典思想,为后文空间美学的出场铺平了道路;最后,笔者从《性经验史》一卷与二、三卷的转变出发,考察了福柯在经历了八年的徘徊之后研究角度的变化。由此出发,笔者从空间美学的视角介绍了福柯对身体美学的思考及其生存美学思想,得出“只有通过生存美学这样一种使日常生活审美化的自我技术才能实现对现代权力的反抗”的结论。在结尾部分,笔者主要对福柯的艺术观进行表述,考察了绘画作为一种自我技术所具有的审美救赎功能,也就是从画论的角度探讨了空间美学的实际应用问题。
[Abstract]:Foucault's life is the life of a philosopher seeking a new way of life. Foucault devoted his life to a criticism of modern rationality, especially to establish the priority of space in theoretical thinking from the perspective of ontology. His space theory has a wide influence, while "heterotopia" runs through Foucault's whole theory: on the one hand, it shows the latent spatial thinking in the theory of "heterotopia"; on the other hand, it can also see poetic metaphor and aesthetic reflection. "heterotopia" has shattered people's dream of "utopia" with rationalism, but left us an aesthetic existence that can be realized in real space. By reading Foucault's writings, the author finds that there are stages in his thought system. Specifically, Foucault's theory can be divided into three stages: intellectual archaeology, power genealogy and survival aesthetics. Interestingly, at every stage of his thinking was the idea of space-especially the heterogeneity of space-"heterotopia". This paper tries to sort out the system of Foucault's theory from the view of spatial knowledge to the view of spatial power, then to the clue of space aesthetics, and to find out the inner relationship among them, thus revealing the process of constructing Foucault's aesthetic sense of "heterotopia" theory. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part mainly explains the era and ideological background of Foucault's concept of "heterotopia" from the point of view of social status and space in Foucault's time. This chapter first explains the historical characteristics of Foucault's era, and then combs the development of spatial concepts related to the theory of "heterotopia" according to Foucault's clue of spatial genealogy. The idea of "heterotopia" was born with the end of World War II and the trend of "post-colonialism" and "space turn". The second part, based on the text of Foucault's direct reference to heterotopia, analyzes and arranges the concept of "heterotopia". This chapter explains the process of Foucault's putting forward the concept of "heterotopia", and analyzes the difference between "heterotopia" and "utopia" by taking "mirror" as an example. According to Foucault's "different Space" text, the six characteristics of "heterotope" are summarized and sorted out to restore the original meaning of "heterotope" theory. The third part, within the scope of Foucault's theory, examines the internal relations among his spatialization knowledge, spatial power and space aesthetics theory, and probes into the construction process of Foucault's "heterotope" theory. The last chapter examines Foucault's thinking on modern knowledge and truth in Mad and Civilization and ci and thing, and summarizes the spatial knowledge view of "knowledge type". Then it discusses the relationship between power and space from two aspects of discourse power and discipline power, and proves Foucault's classic thought that space is the basis of any power operation. It paves the way for the appearance of the later space aesthetics. Finally, the author studies the changes of Foucault's research angle after eight years of wandering from the changes of one volume, two volumes and three volumes of "A History of sexual experience". From this point of view, the author introduces Foucault's thinking on body aesthetics and his aesthetic thought of existence from the perspective of space aesthetics. The conclusion is that only by means of survival aesthetics, a self-technology which can beautify daily life, can the resistance to modern power be realized. In the last part, the author mainly describes Foucault's view of art, examines the aesthetic redemption function of painting as a kind of self-technology, that is, discusses the practical application of space aesthetics from the perspective of painting theory.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J201

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