生物揭展剂在古书画文物揭展中的应用

发布时间：2018-11-21 10:57

【摘要】：揭展是书画重新装裱过程中最重要的一环。在装裱过程中所用的浆糊往往与画心、命纸很难分离,导致揭展过程复杂,且容易造成古书画的损毁。传统的水闷润揭展法对于难揭展的纸质画心极易揭晃。为解决这一问题,利用芽胞杆菌发酵产生的含有淀粉酶的胞外液制备生物揭展剂,并通过作用于宣纸老化材料验证了揭展效果。试验结果表明:枯草芽胞杆菌的发酵液去除菌体并透析后获得的生物揭展剂揭展效果较好。利用扫描电镜和拉力强度检测分析了生物揭展剂对书画文物的影响。结果表明:该生物揭展剂能够降低剥离力和纤维指数,与用水闷润相比,增加了宣纸样品在闷润后的抗拉强度,且对宣纸微观结构无明显影响;观察生物揭展后100天的样品并没有霉菌生成,表明该生物揭展剂具有很好的揭展安全性。在此基础上,对成套明代水陆画进行揭展,取得了良好效果。
[Abstract]:Uncovering the exhibition is the most important link in the process of painting and calligraphy remounting. The paste used in the mounting process is often difficult to separate from the painting center, which leads to the complexity of the uncovering process and the destruction of the ancient calligraphy and painting. The traditional method is easy to unravel the heart of paper painting which is difficult to uncover. In order to solve this problem, the extracellular solution containing amylase produced by Bacillus spp was used to prepare biological unwrapping agent, and its effect was verified by aging material of rice paper. The results showed that the biological unwrapping agent obtained by the fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis was better than that obtained after dialysis. The influence of biological unwrapping agent on painting and calligraphy relics was analyzed by SEM and tensile strength test. The results showed that the biodegradable agent could reduce the peeling force and fiber index. Compared with water moistening, the tensile strength of Xuan paper was increased, and the microstructure of Xuan paper was not affected obviously. No molds were produced in the samples 100 days after biological exposure, which indicated that the biological uncovering agent had good uncovering safety. On this basis, a complete set of water-land paintings in the Ming Dynasty were unfurled, and good results were obtained.
【作者单位】：首都博物馆文物保护修复中心生物实验室;
【分类号】：G894;J212.7

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