美岱召壁画艺术研究

发布时间：2018-12-24 15:29

【摘要】：美岱召是蒙古地区所建的第一座藏传佛教寺庙,是蒙古族全民从信仰萨满教改信佛教的象征。它汇集蒙、藏、汉等多元文化于一寺,具有重要的研究价值。在美岱召佛教文化中,壁画是最为重要的绘画遗存,不论在数量上还是在质量上都是内蒙古首屈一指。美岱召壁画目前保存较为完整,壁画整体气势恢宏,在内容上以藏传佛教题材为主,对明代蒙古贵族生活也有所表现。表现形式多彩纷呈,画法受汉地风格影响较深,以工笔重彩为主,少有沥粉堆金,显示出画师的高超技法。本文着重研究美岱召壁画的艺术特征问题。笔者通过查阅大量文献与图录,梳理出一些线索及所缺,并在整合这些线索的基础上,试图寻找研究成果中前人没有深入涉及的问题,以此做为研究的目标和方向。探究属于蒙古地区最具代表性的美岱召壁画,通过对其内容的识读与考释、艺术特征的分析,发现和分析在多元文化交流中所形成的美岱召壁画与众不同的艺术特征。从美术的本体出发,审视蒙古地区藏传佛教壁画所呈现的宗教文化系统及其扎根在蒙古地区后的新面貌、蒙古族藏传佛教艺术的新形式。本文首先从美岱召的建寺背景与历程论述,分析其作为藏传佛教传入蒙古的标志,对蒙古地区的历史意义,并对壁画的分布与绘制阶段进行概述。文中研究重点为美岱召壁画的艺术特征,从其题材来看,美岱召佛教壁画与蒙古族传统萨满教绘画大不相同,反映了蒙古族宗教思想的大转变;从其构图、色彩、线条等形式方面来看,美岱召壁画与蒙古传统绘画大不相同,丰富了蒙古族绘画的表现手段。在对美岱召壁画的研究中,笔者没有局限于某一幅壁画艺术形象的分析,而是将美岱召各寺庙重要的壁画形象作为研究对象,在分析已得信息的基础上总结美岱召众多壁画的共性特征。另一方面,也用同样的方式分析总结了美岱召壁画在其结构、线条、色彩等方面所呈现出的共性特征。从研究方法的创新来讲,采取田野调查,图像分析法,微观与宏观相结合比较研究方法,论证了佛教传入内蒙古之后,不仅使蒙族在宗教信仰发生了重大的变化,同时也使绘画形式语言发生了重大变化的观点。
[Abstract]:Meidaizhao, the first Tibetan Buddhist temple built in Mongolia, is a symbol of the conversion of Mongolian people from Shamanism to Buddhism. It is a collection of Mongolian, Tibetan, Han and other multiculturalism in a temple, with important research value. Murals are the most important remains of painting in the Buddhism culture of Meidaizhao, both in quantity and quality. At present, the frescoes of Meidaizhao are relatively complete, and the murals are magnificent in their contents, which are mainly about Tibetan Buddhism, and also have some expression on the life of Mongolian aristocrats in the Ming Dynasty. The form of expression is colorful, and the painting method is deeply influenced by the style of the Han Dynasty, with the meticulous brushwork as the main color, with few lek powder stacked gold, which shows the superb technique of the painters. This paper focuses on the artistic characteristics of the Mural paintings in Meidaizhao. By consulting a large number of documents and illustrations, the author combs out some clues and lacks them, and on the basis of integrating these clues, tries to find out the problems that have not been deeply involved in the research results, which is regarded as the goal and direction of the research. This paper probes into the most representative Mural paintings in Mongolia. Through the reading and explanation of its contents and the analysis of its artistic characteristics, it finds and analyzes the distinctive artistic features of the Mural paintings formed in the multi-cultural communication. Starting from the Noumenon of fine arts, this paper examines the religious cultural system presented by Tibetan Buddhist murals in Mongolia and its new appearance after taking root in Mongolia, as well as the new form of Tibetan Buddhist art of Mongolian nationality. This paper first discusses the background and course of the establishment of the temple in Meidaizhao, analyzes the historical significance of Tibetan Buddhism as the symbol of its introduction into Mongolia, and summarizes the distribution and drawing stage of the murals. This paper focuses on the artistic characteristics of the Mural paintings in Meidaizhao. From the perspective of its subject matter, the painting of Buddhist mural painting in Daidai is very different from the painting of traditional Shamanism of Mongolian nationality, which reflects the great change of religious thought of Mongolian nationality. From its composition, color, line and other forms, Meidaizhao mural painting and Mongolian traditional painting is very different, enriched the Mongolian painting means of expression. In the study of Mural painting in Meidaizhao, the author does not limit himself to the analysis of the artistic image of a certain mural, but takes the important mural image of each temple in Meidaizhao as the object of study. On the basis of analyzing the obtained information, this paper summarizes the common features of many mural paintings in Meidaizhao. On the other hand, it also analyzes and sums up the common features of Meidaizhao murals in its structure, line, color and so on. In terms of innovation of research methods, field investigation, image analysis, microcosmic and macroscopic comparative research methods are adopted to demonstrate that Buddhism has not only made great changes in religious beliefs after Buddhism was introduced into Inner Mongolia. At the same time, it also makes the language of painting form a major change in the point of view.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J218.6

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