魏晋至唐山水画研究

发布时间：2019-06-18 20:07

【摘要】：世界上任何事情的发展都有其规律性，中国山水画的发展也同样有着其自身的内在规律，本文主要是以中国古代魏晋至唐这一段时期的山水画发展为主要研究方向。在我国古代先秦至魏晋封建社会的漫长时间里，道释人物画一直占据着中国绘画的主导地位，并且取得了非常璀璨的成果。在这段时期，山水画并没有被人们所发现，即使在某些画中出现有山水的形象那也只是处于背景的辅助作用。魏晋南北朝是一个战事不断，狼烟四起的混乱时期，中央与地方的争斗，统治集团内部的矛盾导致政权更迭频繁，在常年的战乱中，社会出现巨大的动荡，传统的封建君臣礼教和社会伦理道德受到严重的践踏。自夏以来流传下来的人们的人生观和文化观也开始崩溃瓦解，上溯夏秦汉一千几百年间，在我国封建社会中的先贤诸子百家之学说，论及到“人”这问题无不是为了便于封建统治者更好统治管理，即教化人们化道德礼教以融合于阶级社会，驭虚静以化入自然之中，主张把人之主体之命运安顿在外在的社会环境之中。此时的人们冲破了传统权威思想束缚的牢笼第一次开始关注了个体“人”这一问题，即他们开始关注人的个体意识，个体感悟，个体价值，个体意志。一方面，由于当时混乱的社会状况，儒家所宣扬的“达则兼济天下”这条路在此时已经行不通了，即使有文人士大夫依然想维护传统礼教的行为，那他们必将付出流血代价，甚至牺牲生命。另一方面那些依靠“穷则独善其身”这句自我慰藉作为精神依托的的文人士大夫在这种社会状况下则更加是放荡不羁，追求自我精神的依靠，心灵的归宿。“玄学”和“清谈”成为魏晋时期主流思想。文人士大夫们往往寄情于山水之间，“怡然自乐”，“啸傲江湖”，“游山玩水”，“隐逸山林”成了文人士大夫们的普遍做法，，山水已经成了魏晋文人寄托希望和信念的媒介物，又是躲避战乱和世俗纷扰的清净之地。因而，魏晋时期的文人士大夫开始关注山水，再而开始创作山水画,这样中国的山水画才孕育而生了。隋朝结束了魏晋南北朝时期战乱的局面，形成了统一政权。隋朝虽然时间不长，但在山水画方面却成为唐朝山水画的一个重要过渡阶段。中国山水画发展到唐朝迎来了它的第一个繁荣时期，无论在笔法和墨法上都有了新的创造性成就。同时，魏晋至唐是中国山水田园诗的发源和高峰时期，在这个时代创造出了许多极为优美的诗句并且流传至今。在这个时期山水画因山水田园诗而更加具有诗意的想象，山水田园诗也因山水画而让人如梦其中。
[Abstract]:The development of everything in the world has its own regularity, and the development of Chinese landscape painting also has its own inherent law. This paper mainly takes the development of landscape painting from the ancient Wei and Jin dynasties to the Tang Dynasty as the main research direction. In the long time from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the feudal society in Wei and Jin dynasties, Taoist figure painting has always occupied the dominant position of Chinese painting, and has achieved very bright results. During this period, landscape painting has not been found, even in some paintings with landscape images that are only in the auxiliary role of the background. The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties was a period of constant war, and there were chaotic periods of war everywhere. The struggle between the central and local governments and the contradictions within the ruling groups led to frequent regime changes. in the years of war, there was great social upheaval, and the traditional feudal monarchs and courtesies and social ethics were seriously trampled on. People's outlook on life and culture, which have been handed down since summer, also began to collapse and disintegrate. Dating back to the theory of a hundred years of ancestors in the feudal society of our country, the problem of "man" was discussed in order to facilitate the feudal rulers to rule and manage better, that is, to educate people to integrate morality and etiquette into class society and to control emptiness and quietness into nature. Advocate that the fate of the subject of human beings should be settled in the external social environment. At this time, people broke through the shackles of traditional authority thought and began to pay attention to the problem of individual "man" for the first time, that is, they began to pay attention to human individual consciousness, individual perception, individual value and individual will. On the one hand, because of the chaotic social conditions at that time, the Confucian road of "caring for the people when there was status" was no longer feasible at this time. Even if some literati and doctors still wanted to safeguard the behavior of traditional etiquette, they would certainly pay the price of bloodshed and even sacrifice their lives. On the other hand, those literati doctors who rely on the self-consolation of "obscurity when they pay attention to themselves" as the spiritual support are even more bohemian in this social situation, pursuing the dependence of self-spirit and the end-result of the soul. Metaphysics and talk became the mainstream thought in Wei and Jin dynasties. Literati and doctors often rely on the mountains and rivers, "happy", "roaring proud rivers and lakes", "wandering mountains and rivers", "seclusion mountain forest" has become the common practice of literati and doctors, landscape has become the Wei and Jin literati hope and belief of the media, but also to avoid war and worldly disturbance of the clear place. Therefore, the literati and literati in Wei and Jin dynasties began to pay attention to landscape, and then began to create landscape painting, so that Chinese landscape painting was born. The Sui Dynasty ended the war in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties and formed a unified regime. Although the Sui Dynasty has not been for a long time, it has become an important transitional stage of landscape painting in Tang Dynasty. The development of Chinese landscape painting ushered in its first prosperous period in Tang Dynasty, both in writing and ink have made new creative achievements. At the same time, Wei and Jin dynasties to Tang Dynasty were the origin and peak period of Chinese landscape pastoral poetry, in which many very beautiful verses were created and spread to date. In this period, landscape painting because of landscape pastoral poetry and more poetic imagination, landscape pastoral poetry because of landscape painting and make people dream.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J212

【共引文献】