怎样才能成为一个“完全的人”“审美的人”

发布时间：2018-02-01 06:03

本文关键词： 人生意识完全的人审美的人新万物一体说　出处：《江海学刊》2012年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】："主客二分"是人之为人的起点和标志。但人之为人的意识的特点,不仅在于主客二分,而且更在于由此而进入主客的结合。只有主客的结合,才有自由的可能。求知意识以主客关系为基础,主客间的结合还具有外在性,客体及其规律仍外在于主体,是对主体(自我)的一种限制,限制就是不自由。道德意识作为人生追求自由而成为"完全的人"的一个更高境域,虽然在结合主客的程度上前进了一大步,但对于实现人的自由而言也有其局限性。人生意识发展的最高境域是审美意识。只有审美意识才完全超越了主客二分的思维方式,而进入到主客融为一体的领域。审美意识,依主客结合程度之高低深浅可以分为三个层次,其中,"超理性之美"既是审美意识的最高层次,也是人生整个意识发展过程的最高峰,"主客符合"意义的求知意识和"应然"意义的道德意识都在它的门前终止。"新的万物一体"("万物不同而相通之一体")主张主客的最终融合,在这里,真善美融为一体。人能达到此境,就是一个既美且善且真的"完全的人"。一个"完全的人"所处之境,就是"有我"而又"忘我"之境。
[Abstract]:"the dichotomy of subject and object" is the starting point and symbol of human being. However, the characteristics of human consciousness lie not only in the dichotomy of subject and object, but also in the combination of subject and object, and only the combination of subject and object. The consciousness of knowledge is based on the relationship between subject and object, the combination of subject and object is also external, and the object and its law still lie in the subject, which is a kind of restriction to the subject (self). Limitation is not freedom. Moral consciousness is a higher realm of being "perfect person" as the pursuit of freedom in life, although it is a big step forward in the degree of combining subject and object. However, there are limitations to the realization of human freedom. The highest realm of the development of human consciousness is aesthetic consciousness. Only aesthetic consciousness completely transcends the mode of thinking of the dichotomy of subject and object. The aesthetic consciousness can be divided into three levels according to the degree of the combination of subject and object, in which "super rational beauty" is the highest level of aesthetic consciousness. It is also the peak of the whole process of consciousness development in life. The knowledge consciousness of "subject and object accord with" meaning and the moral consciousness of "ought" meaning end in front of its door. "the new unity of all things" ("all things are different and interlinked") advocates the final fusion of subject and object, here. Truth, goodness and beauty merge into one. A person who is both beautiful and good and truly "perfect". A "perfect person" is in a state of "having me" and "being selfless".
【作者单位】：北京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：B83-0
【正文快照】： 席勒认为,一个“完全的人”只能是“审美的人”和“自由的人”。但席勒对于为何只有“审美的人”才是“自由的人”以及如何成为“审美的人”从而成为一个“完全的人”的问题,虽有所论述,却语焉不详。本文不是对席勒的评论,只是受黑格尔精神现象学和美学思想的启发,试图从人生

【共引文献】