庄子与尼采生命美学比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 12:47

本文选题：庄子　切入点：尼采　出处：《浙江师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：庄子和尼采二人的学说都以对个体生命的关怀为出发点,以张扬生命之美为旨归,两种学说具有超越时空而遥相呼应的理论逻辑。从个体生命存在的现实层面上来讲,两者都认识到了当世的个体生存面临着生命之美缺失的状况,这种认识不仅是对当时人类生存的现实困境的解读,更是对深层的轻贱个体生命意义扼杀个体生命之美的社会文化的批判。这种批判既有现实层面的,也有以现实为依据而形成的对人类未来命运的深刻的忧患与焦虑。现实层面上的思考使两人的思想表现出巨大的差异,而他们对人类命运的终极关怀又使他们的思想颇多相通之处,从而为两个文化巨人超越时空的对话奠定了基础。从对待生存困境的角度来说,他们并没有因为看到生命很多无法抗拒的灾难痛苦——比如必然地死亡、疾病或是身体的残缺——而灰心失望,而是都选择用美去拯救生命于苦难之中。他们都认为拯救生命的苦难,最有效的办法就是让生命自由地去感受美,体悟到宇宙的真精神,从而实现对自我的超越。宇宙的真精神,于庄子,是“道”,而在尼采心中,则是“冲创意志”。至于感情宇宙精神的最好方式,两人都认为是伟大的艺术。何谓宇宙的终极精神?如何才能与这种精神同流,达到生命的提升和超脱?通过对“道”和“冲创意志”的特点和体悟方式的分析比对,可以看出两人对宇宙精神的理解其实是很接近的,这种接近表明自古以来,人们在对诸如宇宙精神、世界的本源等这些重大问题思考上存在着一个巨大的交集。对这种交集的分析把握,会帮助我们站在更高的角度去理解生命的存在价值,去反观个体生存状态,找到更加有效而根本的方法来提升自身的生命质量。从对生命之美的理想状态方面来看,两者都为美好的生命描绘了极具感染力的图景,在这样的世界中,到处流动着博大深邃的宇宙精神,万事万物都充满了生命的力量。庄子的“游”,让人感受到山川河流、虫鱼鸟兽皆表现出的丰润欢愉的和谐之美和自然之美；尼采的“醉”让人拥有冲破一切束缚、摆脱外物忘却自我、创造全新生命的力量之美。不论是“游”还是“醉”,都是人体悟到宇宙精神的本质并融个体生命于其中后的理想生存状态。庄子和尼采虽然对这种状态的称呼不同,对其特征的描述也存在着差异,但却存在着一种共同的倾向性,即对回复本真状态的蓬勃、自由、充满创造力的生命之美的咏赞和对人类生存于世的高度肯定。本文将庄子和尼采两个思想巨人潜在的对话的可能性转换为一种现实的对话关系,目的在于通过这种对话汲取生命的力量和生存的智慧,以改善和提高我们当下生存的质量,滋润我们的心灵。
[Abstract]:Both Zhuangzi and Nietzsche's theories take care of individual life as the starting point and promote the beauty of life as their purport. The two theories have the theoretical logic of transcending time and space and echoing each other. From the realistic aspect of the existence of individual life, both of them have realized that the individual existence in the present world is facing the state of lacking the beauty of life. This understanding is not only an interpretation of the realistic predicament of human existence at that time. It is also a criticism of the social culture in which the deep meaning of the life of an individual kills the beauty of an individual's life. This criticism has a realistic aspect. There are also profound worries and anxieties about the future fate of mankind, which are based on reality. Their ultimate concern for the fate of mankind makes their thoughts quite similar, thus laying the foundation for the two cultural giants to transcend the dialogue between time and space. From the point of view of the plight of existence, they are not discouraged by the sight of life's many irresistible calamities, such as inevitable death, illness, or physical infirmity. They all choose beauty to save lives in suffering. They all think that the most effective way to save lives is to let life feel beauty freely and realize the true spirit of the universe. The true spirit of the universe is "Tao" in Zhuangzi's mind, while in Nietzsche's mind, it is "creative ambition". As for the best way of feeling the spirit of the universe, both of them regard it as a great art. What is the ultimate spirit of the universe? How can we be in line with this spirit to achieve the promotion and detachment of life? Through the analysis and comparison of the characteristics and understanding ways of Tao and Chong Creative Records, we can see that the two people's understanding of the spirit of the universe is actually very close, which shows that since ancient times, people have been understanding such as the spirit of the universe. There is a great intersection in the thinking about the origin of the world and so on. The analysis and understanding of this kind of intersection will help us to understand the existence value of life from a higher angle and to reflect on the individual living state. Find more effective and fundamental ways to improve your quality of life. From the point of view of the ideal state of the beauty of life, both of them paint an infectious picture of a beautiful life, in which there is a vast and profound cosmic spirit flowing everywhere. Everything is full of the power of life. Chuang Tzu's "swim" makes people feel the beautiful harmony and nature that rivers, insects, fish, birds and beasts all show; Nietzsche's "drunkenness" makes people break through all the restraints. Get rid of things and forget yourself, The beauty of the power to create a new life. Whether it is "swimming" or "intoxication", it is the ideal living state in which the human body realizes the essence of the universal spirit and melts the individual life in it. Although Zhuangzi and Nietzsche call this state different, There are also differences in the description of its characteristics, but there is a common tendency, that is, the flourishing, free and creative beauty of life and the high affirmation of the existence of human beings. In this paper, the potential dialogue between Zhuang Zi and Nietzsche is transformed into a realistic dialogue relationship. The purpose of this dialogue is to draw on the strength of life and the wisdom of existence in order to improve and improve the quality of our present existence. Nourish our hearts.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B83-0

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