审美与救赎

发布时间：2019-04-02 06:17

【摘要】：席勒是美学史上第一个将美育理论系统化的美学家，也是第一个赋予美育救世功能的美学家。他在反思法国大革命的基础上提出用美育来弥和被当代文明和社会分工分裂的人性，籍此在德国甚至全人类实现政治自由。席勒秉承康德的思想，认为美是自然人向道德人过渡的中间环节。在论证过程中，席勒对他所推论出来的审美王国大家赞赏，但由于席勒的理论是建立在先验人性论的基础上，缺乏现实基础，因此，他的审美王国就表现出了一种乌托邦的特点。席勒在论证审美救世的过程中，异常重视感性的作用。他认为，在人的天性中，感性和理性兼而有之，而现时代的人处于两种极端状态，更多的是理性压抑感性，人性分裂，所以，席勒认为要用审美教育恢复人的天性。但是如果我们只停留在席勒的感性上面，同样背离了席勒的审美救世初衷。因此，，我们有必要回到席勒，重新回顾席勒重视感性的最终意义何在。同时，我们还要注意，席勒的审美教育作为一种情感教育，其最终目标是指向他理想中的道德世界的。同时，由于席勒美育思想的救世功能和上个世纪中国的需要在一定程度上有互补性，并且，中国的传统文化中有着丰富的审美元素，因此，有中国知识分子甚至将美育同民族复兴相联系。而在现代的历史环境和席勒时代已经完全不一样，因此席勒的审美王国有某种实现的可能性，并且他的美育思想对于我们建设和谐社会有一定的借鉴意义，我们完全有可能在席勒美育思想的指引下，在中国的文化意蕴中，实现审美的生活。文章分为四个部分：第一部分回顾了席勒的生平和他的思想渊源。席勒的一生虽然短暂，并且始终出于贫病之中，但是他的一生却是壮丽的一生，不愧为“时代之子”。对于席勒美育思想影响最大的当属康德和卢梭，他吸收了康德的理论架构，以源自卢梭的自由精神贯穿其中。第二部分分析了席勒所处的时代背景，这也是他写作《审美教育书简》的历
[Abstract]:Schiller is the first aesthetician in the history of aesthetics to systematize the theory of aesthetic education and the first aesthetician to give aesthetic education the function of saving the world. On the basis of reflection on the French Revolution, he proposed to use aesthetic education to bridge the human nature divided by the contemporary civilization and social division of labor, thereby realizing political freedom in Germany and even all mankind. Schiller, adhering to Kant's thought, thinks beauty is the middle link of the transition from natural person to moral person. In the process of argumentation, Schiller appreciated the aesthetic kingdom which he inferred, but because Schiller's theory is based on the transcendental theory of human nature and lacks the realistic foundation, therefore, His aesthetic kingdom showed a utopian feature. Schiller attaches great importance to the role of sensibility in the process of demonstrating the aesthetic salvation of the world. In his view, in human nature, both sensibility and rationality exist, and people in modern times are in two extreme states, more rational suppression of perceptual, split of human nature, so Schiller thinks that aesthetic education should be used to restore human nature. But if we stay only on Schiller's sensuality, we also deviate from Schiller's original intention of aesthetic salvation. Therefore, it is necessary for us to return to Schiller and revisit the ultimate significance of Schiller's emphasis on sensibility. At the same time, we should also note that Schiller's aesthetic education as an emotional education, its ultimate goal is to point to his ideal moral world. At the same time, because Schiller's thought of aesthetic education is complementary to the needs of China in the last century to a certain extent, and there are abundant aesthetic elements in Chinese traditional culture, so, Some Chinese intellectuals even linked aesthetic education to national rejuvenation. But in the modern historical environment and Schiller era is completely different, so Schiller's aesthetic kingdom has some possibility to realize, and his aesthetic education thought has certain reference significance for us to build a harmonious society. It is possible that under the guidance of Schiller's aesthetic education thought, we can realize aesthetic life in the cultural implication of China. The article is divided into four parts: the first part reviews Schiller's life and his ideological origin. Although Schiller's life is short, and always out of poverty, but his life is a magnificent life, worthy of the son of the times. Kant and Rousseau had the greatest influence on Schiller's aesthetic education. He absorbed Kant's theoretical framework and permeated it with the spirit of freedom derived from Rousseau. The second part analyzes Schiller's time background, which is also the calendar of his writing "the Book of Aesthetic Education".
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：B83

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