预防建筑装修污染的环境影响评价法律保障

发布时间：2018-09-04 05:52

【摘要】： 建筑装修引起的室内环境污染不仅包括我们居住空间的污染,还包括日常工作和生活的所有室内空间,如办公室、会议室、教室、医院等室内环境和旅馆、影剧院、图书馆、商店、体育场馆、健身房、舞厅、候车候机的休息室等各种室内公共场所的污染。如此大范围的室内污染对人们工作、生活尤其是健康的影响不可低估。据统计,全球近一半的人处于室内空气污染中,室内环境污染已经引起35.7%的呼吸道疾病,22%的慢性肺病和15%的气管炎、支气管炎和肺癌。为实现经济、社会的可持续发展、保障公民的环境权利,在人与自然之间要协调好:自然资源与自然环境的关系;自然资源和自然环境与经济发展的关系;自然资源和自然环境的代际协调关系。公民环境权利是指公民要求其所置环境资源具有基本生态功能的权利,包括:优良环境享有权,即公民有要求享受优良(即健康、安全和舒适)环境的权利,如安宁权、采光权、通风权、清洁空气权、清洁水权等;恶化环境拒绝权,即公民有拒绝恶化环境(即水气污染、噪音、自然景观受损等)的权利;环境知情权,即公民有知晓环境资源生态状况的权利;四是环境参与权,即公民有参与环境保护立法的权利。建立建筑装修污染环境影响评价制度,既是控制室内环境污染、保护环境的内在要求,也是实现公民环境权利的应有之义。我国应当借鉴国外环境影响评价立法的经验,根据实际情况,建立中国特色的建筑装修环境影响评价制度。应当建立统一的建筑装修污染环境影响评价标准,建立科学、合理、切实可行的建筑装修室内环境质量预测性评价体系和竣工环保验收制度,建立建筑装修环境影响评价的公众参与制度、公益诉讼制度和司法审查制度,切实控制室内环境污染、保护环境,保障公民的环境权利。
[Abstract]:The indoor environmental pollution caused by building and decoration includes not only the pollution of our living space, but also all the indoor space of our daily work and life, such as offices, meeting rooms, classrooms, hospitals, etc., indoor environments and hotels, cinemas, theatres, libraries, etc. Pollution in indoor public places such as shops, stadiums, gyms, dance halls, waiting lounges and other indoor public places. The impact of such a wide range of indoor pollution on people's work and life, especially their health, should not be underestimated. According to statistics, nearly half of the world's people are in indoor air pollution, indoor environmental pollution has caused 35.7% of respiratory diseases, 22% of chronic lung diseases and 15% of bronchitis, bronchitis and lung cancer. In order to realize the sustainable development of economy and society and protect the environmental rights of citizens, it is necessary to coordinate well between man and nature: the relationship between natural resources and natural environment, the relationship between natural resources and natural environment and economic development; Intergenerational coordination of natural resources and natural environment. Citizen's environmental right refers to the citizen's right to require its environmental resources to have basic ecological functions, including: the right to enjoy good environment, that is, the right to enjoy good (i.e. health, safety and comfort) environment, such as the right of tranquillity. The right to lighting, ventilation, clean air, clean water, etc.; the right to refuse to deteriorate the environment, that is, the right of citizens to refuse to deteriorate the environment (i.e., water pollution, noise, damage to natural landscape, etc.); the right to know about the environment, That is, citizens have the right to know the ecological status of environmental resources, the fourth is the right to participate in environmental protection legislation, that is, the right of citizens to participate in the legislation of environmental protection. The establishment of the environmental impact assessment system of building decoration pollution is not only the inherent requirement of controlling indoor environmental pollution and protecting the environment, but also the proper meaning of realizing citizens' environmental rights. Our country should draw lessons from the experience of foreign environmental impact assessment legislation and establish the environmental impact assessment system of building decoration with Chinese characteristics according to the actual situation. It is necessary to establish a unified assessment standard for the environmental impact of building decoration pollution, a scientific, reasonable and feasible evaluation system for the quality of indoor environment of building decoration and a system for acceptance of environmental protection upon completion. The public participation system, public interest litigation system and judicial review system should be established to control indoor environmental pollution, protect environment and protect citizens' environmental rights.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：X820.3

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