晋商大院宅门装饰艺术研究
发布时间：2018-09-08 10:31
【摘要】：门是建筑的出入口,具有物质功能和精神功能的双重属性,在数千年的中华文明中演绎出绚烂辉煌的门文化。装饰是门文化的显性部分,充分展现了门的精彩魅力。作为中国北方传统民居代表之一的晋商大院,其宅门装饰有着较高的艺术性和研究价值。 晋商大院宅门装饰艺术是在山西独特的自然、地理环境,优越的经济、技术条件,浓厚的历史、民俗文化底蕴背景下产生的,受晋商文明“以儒养商”、“儒商相通”、“诚信守义”等思想的影响,是晋商财富与文明高度融合的产物。 晋商大院的宅门装饰艺术门类很多,可分为门本身的构成装饰、门前的附设装饰、以及门的应时装饰。这三大装饰门类又有多个装饰细节：如鸟斯革、如晕斯飞的门头；集字、印、雕、色之大成的门匾和楹联；象征香火永传的门簪；叩环传讯的门钹；美观实用的门钉和看叶；象征主人身份的门槛、旗杆；堪称石雕精品的门枕和上下马石；保护宅院隐私的照壁；驱邪祈福的门神；烘托春节喜庆的福字和对联以及一系列应时“软”装饰等。 晋商大院的宅门装饰题材丰富,寓意深刻,形式多样,技艺精湛,是中国农耕社会文化与晋商商业文明的缩影。它体现了晋商“尊儒崇礼”、“祈福求吉”的高雅追求和朴素愿望以及“以礼为本”、“以祥为美”的装饰思想内涵。 随着市场经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,传统的门饰艺术显然已经不能完全适合现代的建筑类型。但是,它对于空间序列的塑造力和作为视觉中心的凝聚力并未消退,对现代建筑设计仍有重要的指导意义。加之,它的装饰内容和寓意发生了深刻的变化,在长久的文化发展进程中已经幻化为一种符号,并因为艺术领域的扩大和传播媒介的增多拥有了更加广泛的设计载体。现代设计如在自由创作中取传统文化之精华,两者便可同生共长。
[Abstract]:The door is the entrance and exit of architecture, with the dual attributes of material function and spiritual function, and the splendid door culture has been deduced in the Chinese civilization for thousands of years. Decoration is the dominant part of door culture, fully showing the wonderful charm of the door. As one of the representatives of traditional folk houses in northern China, the residence door decoration of Shanxi Merchants Courtyard has higher artistic and research value. The decorative art of the gate of Shanxi's large courtyard was produced under the background of Shanxi's unique natural, geographical environment, superior economy, technical conditions, strong history and folk culture. It was "raised by Confucianism" and "interlinked by Confucianism" by Shanxi merchants' civilization. The influence of "honesty and righteousness" is the result of the combination of wealth and civilization of Shanxi merchants. There are many kinds of decorative art categories in Jin merchants' courtyard, which can be divided into the composition decoration of the door itself, the accessory decoration of the front door, and the decoration of the door in time. The three major decorative categories also have a number of decorative details: such as birdsleaver, such as the halo of the head of the door; set character, print, carving, color of the large door plaque and couplets; symbolize the eternal spread of the door hairpin; clatter ring of the door cymbals; beautiful and practical door nail and look at the leaves; The doorsill that symbolizes master status, flagpole; door pillow and upper and lower horse stone that can be called stone carving fine goods; protect the privacy of the house; the door god of exorcism and pray for blessing; the blessing character and couplet of setting off the Spring Festival; and a series of "soft" decoration and so on. The decoration of residence door in Jinshang compound is a microcosm of the culture of Chinese farming society and the commercial civilization of Shanxi Merchants because of its rich themes, profound meanings, various forms and exquisite craftsmanship. It embodies the elegant pursuit and simple desire of Jin merchants "respecting Confucianism and worshiping Rites", "praying for good fortune" and the decorative connotation of "taking propriety as the basis" and "taking Xiang as the beauty". With the development of market economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the traditional door decoration art is obviously not suitable for modern architecture. However, it still has an important guiding significance to the modern architectural design, because it does not fade to the molding force of space sequence and the cohesion as a visual center. In addition, its decorative content and moral have undergone profound changes, in the long process of cultural development has been transformed into a symbol, and because of the expansion of the art field and the increase of the media has a more extensive design carrier. If modern design takes the essence of traditional culture in free creation, both can grow together.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J525
本文编号：2230257
[Abstract]:The door is the entrance and exit of architecture, with the dual attributes of material function and spiritual function, and the splendid door culture has been deduced in the Chinese civilization for thousands of years. Decoration is the dominant part of door culture, fully showing the wonderful charm of the door. As one of the representatives of traditional folk houses in northern China, the residence door decoration of Shanxi Merchants Courtyard has higher artistic and research value. The decorative art of the gate of Shanxi's large courtyard was produced under the background of Shanxi's unique natural, geographical environment, superior economy, technical conditions, strong history and folk culture. It was "raised by Confucianism" and "interlinked by Confucianism" by Shanxi merchants' civilization. The influence of "honesty and righteousness" is the result of the combination of wealth and civilization of Shanxi merchants. There are many kinds of decorative art categories in Jin merchants' courtyard, which can be divided into the composition decoration of the door itself, the accessory decoration of the front door, and the decoration of the door in time. The three major decorative categories also have a number of decorative details: such as birdsleaver, such as the halo of the head of the door; set character, print, carving, color of the large door plaque and couplets; symbolize the eternal spread of the door hairpin; clatter ring of the door cymbals; beautiful and practical door nail and look at the leaves; The doorsill that symbolizes master status, flagpole; door pillow and upper and lower horse stone that can be called stone carving fine goods; protect the privacy of the house; the door god of exorcism and pray for blessing; the blessing character and couplet of setting off the Spring Festival; and a series of "soft" decoration and so on. The decoration of residence door in Jinshang compound is a microcosm of the culture of Chinese farming society and the commercial civilization of Shanxi Merchants because of its rich themes, profound meanings, various forms and exquisite craftsmanship. It embodies the elegant pursuit and simple desire of Jin merchants "respecting Confucianism and worshiping Rites", "praying for good fortune" and the decorative connotation of "taking propriety as the basis" and "taking Xiang as the beauty". With the development of market economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the traditional door decoration art is obviously not suitable for modern architecture. However, it still has an important guiding significance to the modern architectural design, because it does not fade to the molding force of space sequence and the cohesion as a visual center. In addition, its decorative content and moral have undergone profound changes, in the long process of cultural development has been transformed into a symbol, and because of the expansion of the art field and the increase of the media has a more extensive design carrier. If modern design takes the essence of traditional culture in free creation, both can grow together.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J525
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