室内装修污染的调查及其遗传毒性的研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 17:47

【摘要】：目的了解新装修居室甲醛和氡的污染状况,初步探讨室内装修与人体健康的关系;研究甲醛对小鼠的遗传损伤作用及室内装修产生的综合污染物对人体的遗传毒性;为采取行之有效的卫生防护措施,控制室内装修引起的污染,提高人类生活质量提供依据。方法 1.随机抽取太原市内新装修(装修时间在 1 个月～1 年)住宅55 户作为装修组,并选择未装修的住宅 30 户为对照,检测室内甲醛和氡的浓度,估计室内污染的综合水平。2.选用 7~12 周龄健康昆明种小鼠 30只,按体重随机分为 5 组:阴性对照组、低剂量组(1.25mg/m~3)、中剂量组(2.50mg/m~3)、高剂量组(5.00mg/m~3)和阳性对照组。连续染毒甲醛 15 天后,取其外周血进行单细胞凝胶电泳试验(彗星试验),取股骨骨髓进行嗜多染红细胞微核试验。3.采用统一的调查表对留居者的健康反应进行调查,同时从所调查对象中选取不吸烟饮酒,无有害职业接触史人群,采集静脉血,通过彗星试验和微核试验检测装饰材料挥发物对人体细胞遗传物质的毒性损伤作用,从而寻找有害因素对健康影响的早期生物学标记和早期监测指标。结果 1.建筑装饰材料引起的室内空气污染严重,装修组室内甲醛平均浓度为 0.223 mg/m~3,超过国家卫生标准(0.10 mg/m~3)1.23 倍,最高浓度达 0.688 mg/m~3,超标 5.88 倍。将监测结果按装修后检测时间是否超过六个月进行分组比较,竣工时间6 个月组室内甲醛平均浓度为0.273 mg/m~3,其中 90.91%的监测点甲醛浓度超标。竣工时间6 个月组室内甲醛平均浓度为 0.168 mg/m~3,其中 76.67%的监测点甲醛浓度超标。装修组室内氡浓度平均值为 32.12Bq/m~3, 最高值为 275.28 Bq/m~3,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。2.彗星试验和微核试验均表明,甲醛可引起小鼠遗传物质的突变,损伤染色体。研究还表明,随着甲醛浓度增高,微
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the pollution status of formaldehyde and radon in newly decorated rooms, to explore the relationship between indoor decoration and human health, to study the genetic damage of formaldehyde to mice and the genetic toxicity of comprehensive pollutants produced by indoor decoration to human body. To take effective health protection measures, control indoor decoration caused by pollution, improve the quality of human life to provide the basis. Method 1. 55 households of newly decorated houses in Taiyuan were randomly selected as decoration group, and 30 undecorated houses were selected as control, the concentrations of indoor formaldehyde and radon were detected, and the comprehensive level of indoor pollution was estimated. Thirty healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups according to their body weight: negative control group, low dose group (1.25mg/m~3), middle dose group (2.50mg/m~3), high dose group (5.00mg/m~3) and positive control group. After continuous exposure to formaldehyde for 15 days, the peripheral blood samples were collected for single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and femur bone marrow for micronucleus test of polychromatic erythrocyte. A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the health response of the residents. At the same time, no smoking and drinking, no harmful occupational contact history were selected from the subjects, and venous blood was collected. Comet assay and micronucleus test were used to detect the toxic effects of the volatiles of decorative materials on the genetic material of human cells, so as to search for early biological markers and early monitoring indicators of the health effects of harmful factors. Result 1. The indoor air pollution caused by building decoration materials was serious. The average indoor formaldehyde concentration of decoration group was 0.223 mg/m~3, which exceeded the national hygienic standard (0.10 mg/m~3) 1.23 times, and the highest concentration of 0.688 mg/m~3, exceeded the standard 5.88 times. The results of monitoring were compared according to whether the inspection time was longer than six months after decoration. The average indoor formaldehyde concentration was 0.273 mg/m~3, in the 6-month group, and 90.91% of the monitoring points exceeded the standard. The average indoor formaldehyde concentration of 6 months group was 0.168 mg/m~3, and 76.67% of the monitoring points exceeded the standard. The average indoor radon concentration in decoration group was 32.12 Bq / m ~ (3), the highest value was 275.28 Bq/m~3, which was significantly higher than that in control group (P0.05) .2. Comet assay and micronucleus test showed that formaldehyde could induce mutation of genetic material and damage chromosomes in mice. The study also showed that, with the increase of formaldehyde concentration,
【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：X50

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