用于装饰型材基材的增强型单板层积材的研发
发布时间：2018-10-21 18:10
【摘要】：全球工业化和现代化的快速发展,珍贵的森林资源日渐紧缺,使得能够广泛应用于室内外装饰装修等场所的大径级原木资源日渐稀缺,再加上人们对于大自然的热爱和回归绿色生活环境的追求,刺激人们寻求珍贵木材合理有效的综合利用,并不断寻找较好的替代品来填补这一缺口。因此,利用小径级速生材加工成单板层积材,再制得装饰型材产品具有广泛的前景和市场。然而,此类以单板层积材为基材的装饰型材也存在着一定的不足,因其顺纹方式组坯存在各向异性；单板的横纹抗拉强度差,产品经铣削后得到的装饰型材产品在较薄处的表面易出现开裂等缺陷。所以,进一步提高以单板层积材为基材的装饰型材的产品质量,在节约木材资源、提高产品附加值、提升产品市场竞争力等方面具有重要意义。 本论文基于装饰型材基材的增强型单板层积材为目标,以桉树单板、脲醛树脂胶、无纺布为原材料制备增强型单板层积材。研究不同类别的无纺布的增强效果,筛选出对无纺布表面处理效果较好的偶联剂、施胶量；优化了无纺布增强型单板层积材的制造工艺,并将无纺布增强型单板层积材用于装饰型材的生产应用。运用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等仪器分析了无纺布对单板层积材的增强机理。本研究主要获得以下几点结论： (1)在传统的热压工艺条件下,以无纺布种类、偶联剂种类、施胶量为影响因素采用正交试验L9(34)进行优化,结果表明：板材经亲水性PP无纺布、硅烷偶联剂K_H-560处理后、施胶量为260g.m-2时,其静曲强度、弹性模量和水平剪切强度等性能最佳。 (2)采用亲水性PP无纺布、硅烷偶联剂KH-560处理和施胶量为260g.m-2,进一步以热压时间、压力、温度为影响因素,采用正交试验方案L9(34)进行优化热压工艺参数,结果表明,较佳的热压工艺参数组合为：热压压力1.0MPa、热压温度125℃、热压时间1.0min·mm-1,在此工艺参数条件下制得的增强型单板层积材的各项物理力学性能的平均值为：静曲强度：49.40MPa、弹性模量：7126.12MPa、水平剪切强度：1.41MPa,达到单板层积材国家标准(GB/T20241-2006)中规定的结构用材70E优等品的标准要求。 (3)以亲水性PP无纺布增强型单板层积材为基材制备的装饰型材在各项技术性能指标上均能达到出口国的相关标准,且通过对比普通单板层积材为基材的装饰型材的物理力学性能和外观质量,以无纺布作为增强材料生产的装饰型材,其横纹抗拉性能在一定程度上得到了增强(水平剪切强度提高9.22%,弹性模量提高13.34%),有效地防止产品表面出现裂纹等不足,且增强后的产品合格率也得到提高,达到了预期的目的。 (4)采用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,对比分析了脲醛树脂胶、亲水型PP无纺布、偶联剂、桉树单板以及增强型单板层积材的胶接面(脲醛树脂胶、PP无纺布、偶联剂、桉树单板以及增强型单板层积材的混合物)的谱图,可以得出：原先在KH-560的红外光谱图1191cm-1处的Si-O-Si特征峰以及906cm-1处的环氧基吸收峰,与脲醛树脂胶和亲水性PP无纺布在热压条件下处理后,在1191cm-1处的吸收峰变得不明显,说明KH-560发生水解反应,使得KH-560中的Si-O-Si键与其他物质发生交联；在906cm-1处的环氧基吸收峰消失了,说明KH-560中的环氧基发生了开环反应,并有可能已与其他物质的基团发生反应而产生化学键的交联。这两个主要特征峰和其他特征峰的出现或消失在一定程度上说明了KH-560与亲水性PP无纺布和脲醛胶树脂的表面存有发生接枝反应的可能性。 (5)利用扫描电子显微镜对增强型单板层积材的胶接面进行观察,在偶联剂处理前后,板材的胶接面处呈现出不同的状态,于相同倍数下观察对比可知：不同偶联剂的处理对于亲水性PP无纺布与脲醛树脂胶与单板的结合程度的影响有着不同的效果,施加硅烷偶联剂KH-560的结合效果最好,亲水性PP无纺布纤维与脲醛树脂胶紧密结合在一起；其他偶联剂处理的无纺布纤维虽有结合处,但结合点较少且无纺布纤维多呈架空状；不经偶联剂处理的无纺布与胶层间的结合程度最差,极少能够与脲醛树脂胶相结合,结合程度也差,容易被外力所剥离。通过正交试验得出的亲水性PP无纺布和KH-560处理的增强型单板层积材的相关物理力学性能最佳的结果与傅里叶变换红外光谱图和扫描电子显微镜下观察对比的结果相吻合。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the global industrialization and modernization, the precious forest resources are increasingly scarce, so that the large-diameter log resources which can be widely applied to indoor and outdoor decoration and decoration and the like are increasingly scarce, and the pursuit of the people's love for nature and returning to the green living environment is combined, Stimulate people to seek reasonable and effective comprehensive utilization of precious wood, and constantly search for better alternatives to fill this gap. Therefore, the veneer lumber is processed into the veneer lumber by using the small-diameter grading material, and the decorative sectional material product has wide prospect and market. However, this kind of decorative profile with veneer lumber as the base material also has some defects, because of the anisotropy of the blank, the transverse grain tensile strength of the veneer is poor, and the product is prone to crack and other defects on the surface of the thinner part due to the difference of the transverse grain tensile strength of the veneer. Therefore, the product quality of the decorative sectional material with the veneer lumber as the base material is further improved, the wood resource is saved, the added value of the product is improved, and the competitiveness of the product market and the like are important. In this paper, based on the reinforced veneer lumber of decorative profile base material, the reinforced single board layer is prepared from eucalyptus veneer, gum base and non-woven fabric as raw materials. The reinforcement effect of different kinds of non-woven fabrics is studied, the coupling agent and the sizing amount of the non-woven fabric surface treatment effect are selected, the manufacturing process of the non-woven fabric reinforced veneer lumber is optimized, and the non-woven fabric reinforced veneer lumber is used for the production of the decorative section material. Using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and other instruments, the enhancement of laminated veneer lumber of non-woven fabrics was analyzed. Mechanism. This study mainly obtains the following points: Conclusion: (1) Under the condition of traditional hot pressing process, the orthogonal experiment L9 (34) is adopted to optimize the influence factors of non-woven fabrics, coupling agent types and sizing amount. The results show that the plate is treated with hydrophilic PP non-woven fabric and silane coupling agent K _ H-5. When the sizing amount is 260g 路 m -2, the static bending strength, elastic modulus and horizontal shear strength of 60g 路 m-2 (2) Using hydrophilic PP non-woven fabric, silane coupling agent KH-560 and sizing amount of 260g 路 m-2, the hot pressing time, pressure and temperature were further analyzed by orthogonal test scheme L9 (34) to optimize hot pressing process parameters. The parameters of pressure process are as follows: hot pressing pressure of 1.0MPa, hot pressing temperature 125 鈩，
本文编号：2285927
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the global industrialization and modernization, the precious forest resources are increasingly scarce, so that the large-diameter log resources which can be widely applied to indoor and outdoor decoration and decoration and the like are increasingly scarce, and the pursuit of the people's love for nature and returning to the green living environment is combined, Stimulate people to seek reasonable and effective comprehensive utilization of precious wood, and constantly search for better alternatives to fill this gap. Therefore, the veneer lumber is processed into the veneer lumber by using the small-diameter grading material, and the decorative sectional material product has wide prospect and market. However, this kind of decorative profile with veneer lumber as the base material also has some defects, because of the anisotropy of the blank, the transverse grain tensile strength of the veneer is poor, and the product is prone to crack and other defects on the surface of the thinner part due to the difference of the transverse grain tensile strength of the veneer. Therefore, the product quality of the decorative sectional material with the veneer lumber as the base material is further improved, the wood resource is saved, the added value of the product is improved, and the competitiveness of the product market and the like are important. In this paper, based on the reinforced veneer lumber of decorative profile base material, the reinforced single board layer is prepared from eucalyptus veneer, gum base and non-woven fabric as raw materials. The reinforcement effect of different kinds of non-woven fabrics is studied, the coupling agent and the sizing amount of the non-woven fabric surface treatment effect are selected, the manufacturing process of the non-woven fabric reinforced veneer lumber is optimized, and the non-woven fabric reinforced veneer lumber is used for the production of the decorative section material. Using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and other instruments, the enhancement of laminated veneer lumber of non-woven fabrics was analyzed. Mechanism. This study mainly obtains the following points: Conclusion: (1) Under the condition of traditional hot pressing process, the orthogonal experiment L9 (34) is adopted to optimize the influence factors of non-woven fabrics, coupling agent types and sizing amount. The results show that the plate is treated with hydrophilic PP non-woven fabric and silane coupling agent K _ H-5. When the sizing amount is 260g 路 m -2, the static bending strength, elastic modulus and horizontal shear strength of 60g 路 m-2 (2) Using hydrophilic PP non-woven fabric, silane coupling agent KH-560 and sizing amount of 260g 路 m-2, the hot pressing time, pressure and temperature were further analyzed by orthogonal test scheme L9 (34) to optimize hot pressing process parameters. The parameters of pressure process are as follows: hot pressing pressure of 1.0MPa, hot pressing temperature 125 鈩，
本文编号：2285927
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