从改写理论评《老人与海》的两个汉译本

发布时间：2018-05-26 22:20

本文选题：改写理论 + 意识形态　；参考：《长春工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：1952年,海明威创作了他一生最杰出的作品—中篇小说《老人与海》。小说一经出版,便获得了巨大的成功。这部作品几乎被翻译成世界上所有主要的语言,大受欢迎并被奉为经典之作。迄今为止,《老人与海》的中文译本数量已经达到了20多种。其中以海观译本和黄源深译本最引人关注。海观用词洗练,而黄源深则以鲜明的异化特色受到广大读者的青睐。为何两译本的特色如此不同,却都受到翻译家的好评与读者的喜爱?带着问题,作者将原著与两译本进行了通读,并以改写理论为理论框架,对汉译本进行分析。传统的译本评价方法侧重于语言分析和文本对照,并以对原文的重视程度来衡量译文的好坏,并不涉及翻译活动如何在主体文化里面运作的问题。在这种范畴之中,译者很难脱离“原文”观念的限制,也因此不触及翻译活动与文化间的互动作用。由于传统研究方法的种种不足,本论文以海观和黄源深翻译的《老人与海》作为个案进行研究并提出问题,即什么文化及意识形态影响两个译本的生成?这些因素是如何体现在译作中的? 本文以勒非弗尔的改写理论为基础,引入影响翻译的四个因素,研究这些因素在两名译者各自的时代是否对翻译活动产生了影响。运用描述性的研究方法,理论联系实际,运用实例进行对比分析,从不同的语言层面和历史、文化等角度来研究《老人与海》的两个中文译本,本文选取的两个译本在产生时间和文化背景上存在较大差异,译本本身也呈现各自的特色。结合产生的历史文化背景,分析了译者所处时代的意识形态和诗学以及译者自身的意识形态和诗学,探讨这些宏观因素对译者的影响,而宏观因素必然会反映在译本的微观文本差异上。主要探讨意识形态、赞助人、诗学对翻译活动的影响。研究译者是如何移植和改写他们认为需要的作品。经过大量翻译文本的分析,本文得出结论：在不同的时代、不同的译者、所处的文化环境和历史背景不同,便会有不同的意识形态倾向,受着不同的主流诗学的制约。译者总是通过操纵手段使译本符合目的语读者的意识形态和诗学传统以确保其尽可能被更多的读者接受。通过论证,有助于我们对译者和译作作出客观、公正的评价,从而加深对翻译行为、尤其是文学翻译的认识,也有力地论证了勒菲弗尔“改写”理论的理论及实践意义。
[Abstract]:In 1952, Hemingway wrote the greatest novel of his life, the Old Man and the Sea. The novel was a great success once it was published. The work has been translated into almost all the major languages of the world and is popular and classic. So far, the number of Chinese versions of the Old Man and the Sea has reached more than 20. Among them, the translation of Haiguan and Huang Yuanshen attracted the most attention. Haiguan used words, while Huang Yuan-shen was favored by readers with distinct alienation characteristics. Why are the features of the two versions so different, but they are both praised by translators and loved by readers? With questions, the author reads the original and the two versions, and analyzes the Chinese translation based on the theory of rewriting. The traditional methods of translation evaluation focus on language analysis and text contrast, and judge the quality of the target text by the degree of attention to the source text. It is not related to how the translation activities work in the subject culture. In this category, it is difficult for the translator to break away from the limitation of the "original" concept and therefore not to touch on the interaction between translation activities and cultures. Due to the shortcomings of traditional research methods, this thesis takes the translation of the Old Man and the Sea by Huang Yuan-shen as a case study and raises the question, that is, what culture and ideology influence the generation of the two versions? How are these factors reflected in the translation? Based on Lefevere's rewriting theory, this paper introduces four factors that influence translation, and studies whether these factors have influenced translation activities in the respective times of the two translators. Using descriptive research methods, combining theory with practice, and using examples to carry out comparative analysis, this paper studies the two Chinese versions of the Old Man and the Sea from different linguistic levels and historical and cultural perspectives. There are great differences in the time and cultural background of the two versions, and the two versions have their own characteristics. Combined with the historical and cultural background, this paper analyzes the ideology and poetics of the translator's time and the translator's own ideology and poetics, and probes into the influence of these macro factors on the translator. However, macro-factors will inevitably be reflected in the micro-text differences of the translation. This paper mainly discusses the influence of ideology, patronage and poetics on translation activities. Study how translators transplant and rewrite what they think they need. Through the analysis of a large number of translated texts, this paper concludes that in different times, different translators, different cultural environments and historical backgrounds will have different ideological tendencies and will be restricted by different mainstream poetics. Translators always manipulate the target text to conform to the ideological and poetic traditions of the target language readers to ensure that it is accepted by as many readers as possible. Through argumentation, it is helpful for us to make an objective and fair evaluation of the translator and the translated works, thus deepening our understanding of translation behavior, especially literary translation, and proving the theoretical and practical significance of Lefevere's "rewriting" theory.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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