灭绝还是共存—《白鲸》和《怀念狼》生态文化主题分析

发布时间：2018-05-28 21:46

本文选题：生态批评 + 人类中心主义　；参考：《西北大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 一部是创作在十九世纪中叶的宏篇巨著,一部是二十一世纪新千年的开世之作,《白鲸》和《怀念狼》之间却有着千丝万缕的联系。二者都属于意象象征性作品,都采用了相似的叙述模式,更为重要的是做出了相同的悲剧性预言,即,人与自然之间的共存亡。这一预言暗含了作者梅尔维尔和贾平凹对人类生存境遇的哲学性思考,对当今生态危机日趋严峻的时代具有重要的借鉴意义。本文拟从生态文化批评角度对两部作品进行分析研究。在介绍两部作品和两大人类文化主流——人类中心主义和生态整体主义及其文化根源的基础上,从作品中主要人类代表同自然代表之间关系的不同入手,对比分析了两部作品中所蕴含的人与自然之间不同的对立关系所导致的不同结局,即,视白鲸和狼为邪恶势力加以捕杀灭绝的人类中心主义者亚哈和傅山最终不可避免地走向毁灭;相反以实玛利和子明为代表的具有生态人格的人类能够对自然和人类行为作出冷静思索和客观评论,并领悟到自然的“人性”和人类的“兽性”,因而得以避免毁灭或狼化的悲惨命运。从而揭示出人类中心主义必然导致人与自然的共同灭亡,而生态整体主义将会引导人类走向同自然的和谐共存。本文通过解读这两部作品中隐含的生态智慧,旨在呼吁文化思维转换前提下的人与自然之间真正的和谐与共存。
[Abstract]:One is a great work written in the middle of the nineteenth century, the other is the beginning of the new millennium in the 21 century, but there is an inextricable connection between beluga and yearning for the wolf. Both of them belong to the symbolic works of imagery, both adopt similar narrative models and, more importantly, make the same tragic prophecy, that is, the existence and death of man and nature. This prophecy implies the philosophical thinking of author Melville and Jia Pingao on the living conditions of human beings, and it is of great significance for reference in the increasingly severe ecological crisis. This paper analyzes the two works from the angle of ecological culture criticism. Based on the introduction of the two works and the two major human cultural mainstreams, anthropocentrism and ecologicalism, and their cultural roots, this paper begins with the differences between the main representatives of human beings and the representatives of nature in their works. This paper contrasts and analyzes the different endings caused by the different antagonistic relations between man and nature contained in the two works, that is, The anthropocentrism Ahab and Fushan, who kill and exterminate beluga whales and wolves as evil forces, will inevitably end up being destroyed; On the contrary, the human beings with ecological personality, represented by Samari and Ziming, can make calm thinking and objective comments on nature and human behavior, and realize the "human nature" of nature and the "animal nature" of human beings. Thus avoiding the tragic fate of destruction or wolves. Thus it is revealed that anthropocentrism will inevitably lead to the common destruction of man and nature, and ecological holism will lead human beings to harmonious coexistence with nature. By interpreting the ecological wisdom implied in these two works, this paper aims to appeal for the real harmony and coexistence between man and nature under the premise of cultural thinking transformation.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.4

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