中日七夕诗歌比较研究
发布时间：2018-10-09 16:11
【摘要】：“牛郎织女”是中国四大民间传说之一,其内容优美动人,流传广泛而久远,在中日两国文学史上都有所体现。在中国,以七夕为题材的诗歌作品可谓层出不穷,不胜枚举;在日本,仅《万叶集》中就有关于七夕字样的和歌超过百首,以后历代的七夕诗歌更是不可胜计。可见,七夕传说对中日两国在文学史上都产生了较为深远的影响。鉴于此,本文拟对中日七夕传说、习俗、诗歌,尤其是对诗文与和歌进行比较分析,寻求其中的共性和个性,旨在通过比较研究,探讨七夕传说的变化过程,透视当时中日两国国情、国民的异同。 在传说方面,中日两国在传说的故事情节上有许多类同的地方:例如均为人间庶民与天上仙女的结合,最终却只得分居两地。但是,在许多细节上,两国的传说却存在着差异:主人公的名称,中国为牛郎与织女,而早期的日本传说,男主人公则被称为犬饲;织女离去原因,前者传说织女由于被王母发现而被逼离开,后者则传说织女多为主动离开;男主人公追赶织女的过程,前者为牛郎披着牛皮追赶,后者男主人公多为编织木屐或草鞋,栽竹攀腾而上;银河观念的产生,前者为王母拔簪划河而成,后者则传说银河的产生往往与瓜果有关。 在习俗方面,中日两国有许多相似的地方,比如每逢七夕,两国诗人都会吟诗唱和,宫廷中也会举办赛诗会;女孩儿们也会在七夕夜晚祭星乞巧,乞求织女的保佑;七夕又正值残暑消除的时期,两国都有曝晒衣物、书籍的习惯。但两国的七夕习俗也保留了许多本国独有的风俗习惯,例如七夕被认为是中国传统的情人节,而日本则没有这一说法;又如古代日本在七夕节会举办一系列与“七”有关的活动,这也是独具特色;而现代日本,由于七夕通常被视为盂兰盆节的开端,因而许多地方会在七夕举办大型盛会,观彩灯、祈愿、看烟花,显得格外热闹。 本文的重点内容,在诗文与和歌的比较方面,由于它们均取材于七夕传说,因而无论在主题思想或情节内容上,大体是相同的。但诗与歌也确实存在着差异,小岛宪之、中西进、王晓平等大家都对这一主题开展了一系列颇有成效的研究。 笔者在对诗文与和歌的比较方面,分以下四点:表达方式,中国诗歌大多抽象、含蓄、内敛,日本的和歌则显得具体、大胆、直接;作者身份,日本汉诗的作者多为皇家官僚的贵族男子,他们多接触汉文化,因而创作的汉诗也与中国诗歌类似,而和歌的作者则不同,有许多未知歌者,他们可能并非来自上流社会,因而能更好地把七夕传说融入日本民间;作者的角度,中国诗歌大都站在第三人称,日本和歌则多为第一人称,以期更贴近生活;作品内容,万叶和歌中,也有一些日本古代记纪神话的影子,可以说是中日传说相融合的产物。
[Abstract]:"Niu Lang Weaving Girl" is one of the four great folklore in China, its content is beautiful and moving, spread widely and long, and it is embodied in the history of Chinese and Japanese literature. In China, the poetry works with Qixi Festival as the subject matter can be described as endless and endless; in Japan, there are more than a hundred songs about the words "Qixi Festival" in the "Wanye Ji" alone, and then the poems of Qixi Festival in the past dynasties are even more unvictorious. Thus, the legend of Qixi Festival has exerted a profound influence on both China and Japan in the history of literature. In view of this, this paper intends to make a comparative analysis of the legends, customs, poems, especially poems and songs of Qixi Festival in China and Japan, in order to seek the commonness and individuality among them, in order to probe into the changing process of the legend of Qixi Festival through comparative study. At that time, the national conditions of China and Japan, the similarities and differences between the people. In legends, there are many similarities between China and Japan in the storyline of the legend: for example, the combination of the common people and the celestial fairies, but they have to be separated from each other in the end. However, in many details, there is a difference between the legend of the two countries: the name of the protagonist, China is the cowherd and the Weaver, while the early Japanese legend, the hero is known as canine fodder; the reason for the departure of the Weaver. The former legend tells us that Weaver was forced to leave because she was discovered by her mother, while the latter said that Weaver mostly left on her own initiative. In the process of pursuing Weaver, the former was pursued by a cowherd in the leather, and the latter by weaving clogs or straw shoes. Planting bamboo climbing up; Galaxy concept, the former for the Wang mother pull hairpin row river, the latter legend of the galaxy often related to fruit and melon. In terms of customs, there are many similarities between China and Japan, such as whenever Qixi Festival, the poets of the two countries can sing poetry, the palace will also hold a poetry contest; Qixi Festival is also the time of the elimination of the sun, both countries have the habit of exposure to clothing, books. But Qixi Festival's customs in the two countries also retain many of their own unique customs, such as Qixi Festival, which is thought to be Chinese traditional Valentine's Day, while Japan does not; For example, in ancient Japan, a series of activities related to the "Seven" will be held on Qixi Festival's Day, which is also unique. In modern Japan, since Qixi Festival is usually regarded as the beginning of Ghost Festival, many places will hold large-scale pageants in Ghost Festival. Watching the lights, praying, looking at the fireworks, it is particularly lively. The main content of this paper is the comparison between poetry and harmony, because they are all derived from Qixi Festival's legends, so they are generally the same in terms of theme, thought and plot content. However, there are some differences between poems and songs, such as Kojima, East and West, Wang Xiaoping and so on, which have carried out a series of fruitful research on this subject. The author compares poems and poems with harmony songs in the following four aspects: expression, Chinese poetry is mostly abstract, implicit, introverted, Japanese harmony songs are concrete, bold, direct, author identity, Most of the Japanese Chinese poems are written by aristocratic men who are royal bureaucrats. As a result, the Chinese poems created by them are similar to those of Chinese poetry, but the authors of harmony songs are different. There are many unknown singers who may not have come from the upper class. From the author's point of view, Chinese poetry mostly stands in the third person, while Japanese harmony songs are mostly in the first person, in order to be closer to life. There are also some ancient Japanese mythology shadow, can be said to be the product of the fusion of Chinese and Japanese legends.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.2
本文编号：2259955
[Abstract]:"Niu Lang Weaving Girl" is one of the four great folklore in China, its content is beautiful and moving, spread widely and long, and it is embodied in the history of Chinese and Japanese literature. In China, the poetry works with Qixi Festival as the subject matter can be described as endless and endless; in Japan, there are more than a hundred songs about the words "Qixi Festival" in the "Wanye Ji" alone, and then the poems of Qixi Festival in the past dynasties are even more unvictorious. Thus, the legend of Qixi Festival has exerted a profound influence on both China and Japan in the history of literature. In view of this, this paper intends to make a comparative analysis of the legends, customs, poems, especially poems and songs of Qixi Festival in China and Japan, in order to seek the commonness and individuality among them, in order to probe into the changing process of the legend of Qixi Festival through comparative study. At that time, the national conditions of China and Japan, the similarities and differences between the people. In legends, there are many similarities between China and Japan in the storyline of the legend: for example, the combination of the common people and the celestial fairies, but they have to be separated from each other in the end. However, in many details, there is a difference between the legend of the two countries: the name of the protagonist, China is the cowherd and the Weaver, while the early Japanese legend, the hero is known as canine fodder; the reason for the departure of the Weaver. The former legend tells us that Weaver was forced to leave because she was discovered by her mother, while the latter said that Weaver mostly left on her own initiative. In the process of pursuing Weaver, the former was pursued by a cowherd in the leather, and the latter by weaving clogs or straw shoes. Planting bamboo climbing up; Galaxy concept, the former for the Wang mother pull hairpin row river, the latter legend of the galaxy often related to fruit and melon. In terms of customs, there are many similarities between China and Japan, such as whenever Qixi Festival, the poets of the two countries can sing poetry, the palace will also hold a poetry contest; Qixi Festival is also the time of the elimination of the sun, both countries have the habit of exposure to clothing, books. But Qixi Festival's customs in the two countries also retain many of their own unique customs, such as Qixi Festival, which is thought to be Chinese traditional Valentine's Day, while Japan does not; For example, in ancient Japan, a series of activities related to the "Seven" will be held on Qixi Festival's Day, which is also unique. In modern Japan, since Qixi Festival is usually regarded as the beginning of Ghost Festival, many places will hold large-scale pageants in Ghost Festival. Watching the lights, praying, looking at the fireworks, it is particularly lively. The main content of this paper is the comparison between poetry and harmony, because they are all derived from Qixi Festival's legends, so they are generally the same in terms of theme, thought and plot content. However, there are some differences between poems and songs, such as Kojima, East and West, Wang Xiaoping and so on, which have carried out a series of fruitful research on this subject. The author compares poems and poems with harmony songs in the following four aspects: expression, Chinese poetry is mostly abstract, implicit, introverted, Japanese harmony songs are concrete, bold, direct, author identity, Most of the Japanese Chinese poems are written by aristocratic men who are royal bureaucrats. As a result, the Chinese poems created by them are similar to those of Chinese poetry, but the authors of harmony songs are different. There are many unknown singers who may not have come from the upper class. From the author's point of view, Chinese poetry mostly stands in the third person, while Japanese harmony songs are mostly in the first person, in order to be closer to life. There are also some ancient Japanese mythology shadow, can be said to be the product of the fusion of Chinese and Japanese legends.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.2
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