《最后一片叶子》及其汉译本的主位结构对比分析

发布时间：2018-04-28 08:48

本文选题：《最后一片叶子》 + 主述位结构　；参考：《广西师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：主述位的翻译的对等与转换的实现形式是近年来主位理论的翻译实践研究的热点。国内外的一些语言学者采用语篇功能的三个子系统,即主位结构,信息结构和衔接系统,对语篇进行了小句和词汇层面的相关研究。近年来,不少学者将语言学研究成果与翻译研究相结合,对语篇本身及其译文做相关的对比和比较分析,为翻译研究提供了新的语言学视角。欧·亨利的《最后一片叶子》因其出乎意料的结局,成为许多语言学者的语篇研究文本,但他们的译文研究主要基于传统经验或者美学理论,主观色彩浓厚。而功能语言学界认为,客观的语篇分析方法更能体现小说或诗歌等语篇及其译本之间的翻译差异性。基于上述研究背景,本文试图将韩礼德的主述位理论作为理论框架,采用数据统计和描述性分析的方法,探索小说《最后一片叶子》及其汉译本的主述位结构和主位推进模式在英汉两种语篇之间的不同表现,以及这些变化对语篇功能的影响。本文主要围绕三个问题进行探讨：第一,《最后一片叶子》及其汉译本的主述位结构(单项主位,复项主位和句项主位)相关分布情况如何?各自的特点是什么?第二, 《最后一片叶子》及其汉译本的主位推进模式推进分布情况如何?段落之间的推进模式有何特点?第三,上述针对原文和译本的主位结构分析是否存在翻译对等或相应的翻译转换问题?若存在,表现在哪里?有何特点?为了解决以上三大问题,本文首先采用数据统计的方法,以韩礼德(2008)《功能语法导论》对主述位结构的三大成分单项主位(包括参与者、环境成分和过程成分)、复项主位(包括主题主位或经验主位、人际主位和语篇主位)和句项主位的定义为划分基准,同时结合描述性的分析方法,试图发现其分布的特点。其次,主位推进模式类型主要采用朱永生的分类(1990/1995)(涉及四种模式：主位同一述位同一,简单线性推进和交叉推进)和描述性分析的方式进行。《最后一片叶子》中四片叶子的出现,承担着主人公命运变化起伏的重任,因此本文拟采用这四片叶子作为分析落脚点,将它们相关的段落作为推进模式的分析材料,试图从主线情节上发现原文和译本在主位推进模式上是否存在差异,以及各自的特点是什么?第三,语篇元功能的分析方法最大的特点就是传递语篇信息最大化,语篇衔接效果最大化。因此本文以此为评估基准,对比两者在翻译对等和转换上的差异及其特点。以上研究表明：从主位结构分布上看,一方面《最后一片叶子》两个文本的主位结构都存在对等的状况：两个译本都是简单主位占主要的地位,分别以65.42%和80.77%在三种主位中占据首位,其比例远超于其他两个主位。这表明,作者和译者运用简单的主位结构去表达他们的内在信息功能,语篇效果呈现出简洁化,贴近大众；另一方面,它们的主位结构也存在差异：横向对比来看,中译本的简单主位比英文原本的高出许多,而中译本的多重主位(19.23%)和句项主位(0%)比英文原本的减少了15.35%,而这15.35%恰恰是中译本的简单主位和英文原本的简单主位两个数值之间的差,这也表明了译者减少了多重主位和句项主位这些复杂的信息结构的使用,增加了简单主位来降低了译本的语言难度,语言语篇效果趋向于简洁化的特点。从主位推进的分布和排列来看,一方面两种语言之间的相似推进被保留,即翻译的对等：作者和译者都采用了主为同一和述位同一的方式来推动四片叶子的主要情节,同一位置即主位或述位上(最后一片叶子的描述)被反复加强推进,这样的信息的表达方式强调了主位或述位信息的语篇效果,使得作者原本的信息点能被高度识别,最后一片叶子给予女主人公琼西的心理力量渐渐被加强；另一方面,它们之中依然存在推进的转换：在英文原本里,推进类型比较单一,主要为主为同一型。这说明作者使用主位作为背景信息引出琼西对命运对生命变化的深刻认识。而在中译本中,推进类型趋向多样性,四种推进类型都有均匀呈现。这说明译者采用多角度的变化,将最后一片叶子和琼西以及其他事物互换位置,呈现出人与自然之间的相互影响的复杂关系,而不是单一的直线影响。这一点译者的布局较好于原文,更为客观化反映自然界的生死联系。总的来说,主位结构和主位推进模式虽然被一部分被改变了,但是它保存内部信息的完整性,即将原句的长句拆分为零碎的流水小句,使得语篇信息的从表层结构上的流动变为语篇内在层面上的流动。换句话说,英语小句注重结构的严谨性,而汉语则注重话题的连贯性,因此,译者对原文作了一些语言转换是为了更好地还原原文的信息性和保持主题的连贯性,这也是为了语篇效果的对等服务的。译者采用了这样的翻译策略是为了更贴近原文的叙述风格,获得相对更多的语言的对等,使得小说的主要信息得以保存和传递,语篇功能效果实现最大化。
[Abstract]:The realization of equivalence and transformation of the translation of the main rheme is a hot spot in the translation practice of the theme theory in recent years. Some scholars at home and abroad adopt three subsystems of text function, namely, the theme structure, the information structure and the cohesive system. The combination of linguistic research and translation studies, a comparative and comparative analysis of the text itself and its translation, provides a new linguistic perspective for the study of translation. The last leaf of O Henry has become a textual research text for many linguists because of its unexpected ending, but their translation studies are mainly based on the text. On the basis of the above research background, this paper tries to make the theory of Hallidy's master rheme theory as a theoretical framework, using data statistics and descriptive classification. The method of analysis is to explore the different manifestations of the theme structure of the last leaf and its Chinese translation and the mode of thematic progression between the two texts in English and Chinese, as well as the influence of these changes on the function of the text. This paper mainly focuses on three questions: first, < last leaf > and the main Rheme Structure of the Chinese translation (single item) What are the related distributions of the main bit, the complex theme and the sentence theme? What are the characteristics of the second, the last leaf and the Chinese translation, and what are the characteristics of the propelling pattern between the paragraphs? Third, whether there is a translation equivalence or phase for the analysis of the theme structure of the original and the translated texts. In order to solve the above three major problems, this paper first adopts the method of data statistics, with the introduction of Hallidy (2008) < introduction to functional grammar > the three components of the main Rheme Structure (including the participants, the environmental components and the process components), and the main bits of the subject (including the theme or the theme or the theme, or the theme, or the theme or the main bit or the theme. The definition of the experiential theme, the interpersonal theme and the text theme) and the sentence theme are defined as the benchmarks, and the descriptive analysis method is used to find the characteristics of its distribution. Secondly, the main pattern type of the theme is Zhu Yongsheng's classification (1990/1995) (involving four modes: the same one of the main bit, the simple linear propulsion and the cross push. " The emergence of the last leaf > four leaves in the last leaf and the appearance of the four leaves are responsible for the change of the fate of the hero. Therefore, this article intends to use these four leaves as the analysis foothold and the related paragraphs as an analytical material for the propelling pattern, trying to find the original and translation in the main position from the main plot. Whether there are differences in the mode of propulsion and what are their characteristics? Third, the most important characteristic of the analysis method of discourse metafunction is to convey the maximization of text information and to maximize the effect of textual cohesion. This is the basis of this paper to compare the differences and characteristics of the two in translation equivalence and translation. On the basis of the distribution of the main structure, on the one hand, the main position of the last leaf and the two text has the equivalent status: the two translations are the dominant position of the simple theme, which occupy the first place among the three kinds of main bits with 65.42% and 80.77% respectively, and the proportion is far more than the other two main positions. To express their internal information function, the effect of the text is concise and close to the public; on the other hand, there are also differences in their theme structure. In the horizontal contrast, the simple theme of the Chinese version is much higher than that of the original English, while the multiple theme (19.23%) and the sentence theme (0%) in the Chinese version are 15.35% less than that in the English version. And this 15.35% is the difference between the simple theme of the Chinese version and the two values of the original simple theme in the English language. It also shows that the translator reduces the use of complex information structures such as multiple themes and sentence items, and increases the simple theme to reduce the language difficulty of the translation, and the language effect tends to be concise. The distribution and arrangement of the propelling of the theme, on the one hand, the similarity between the two languages is preserved, that is, the equivalence of the Translation: both the author and the translator adopt the main plot of the four leaf in the same way as the same and the rheme, and the same position, or the description of the most later leaf, is pushed forward repeatedly. The expression of such information emphasizes the textual effect of the theme or the rheme information, which makes the author's original information point highly recognizable, and the last leaf gives the heroine Josi's psychological strength gradually strengthened; on the other hand, there is still a progressive transformation among them: in the original English, the type is relatively single, the main type is the main type. This shows that the author uses the theme as the background information to lead to a profound understanding of the change of life by his fate. In the Chinese version, the type of propulsion tends to be diverse and the four types of propulsion have a uniform presentation. The position, which presents the complex relationship between human and nature, is not a single linear effect. The translator's layout is better than the original. It is more objective to reflect the life and death links of nature. In general, the theme structure and the theme propulsion model are changed in part, but it preserves the integrity of the internal information, The long sentence of the original sentence is split into a piecemeal clause, which makes the flow of textual information from the surface structure into the flow of the inner layer of the text. In other words, the English clause pays attention to the rigor of the structure, while the Chinese pays attention to the coherence of the topic. Therefore, the translator makes some language conversion to the original text in order to better restore the original text. The text is informative and maintains the coherence of the theme, which is also for the equivalent service of the text effect. The translator adopts such a translation strategy to get closer to the narrative style of the original, obtain more equivalence of language, save and transmit the main information of the novel, and maximize the functional effect of the text.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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