试论悲剧的反审美性

发布时间：2018-09-08 09:12

【摘要】： 悲剧,被誉为最高的诗,是诗中之诗。且悲剧是人类苦难的现身方式,是与人的生存形而上学紧密相连的最重要的艺术形式。但长期以来随着艺术在世俗美学[1]视域中的沦陷,悲剧也成为美学的重要范畴和最重要的研究对象之一,成为外在于“主体”的某种“客体”。特别随着笛卡尔的主体论哲学的诞生,以及康德对主体审美心理经验的无功利、无目的性的抽象思辨分析,艺术自主自律论由此在形而上学美学或心理学范围内诞生。由此艺术的审美主体性得到无限的放大,人的趣味判断成为评判一切存在者的法庭。“美”成为艺术的最高法则,“入诗”[2]等同于“审美”。悲剧也随着艺术沦为“美学”的附庸而成为主体体验的对象,对悲剧之诗性本质的探讨也一直在审美视野中不断重提。本文所要论述的悲剧的反审美性主要是在两个方面展开的:一是反对在技艺美学的范畴中从艺术(诗)[3]审美活动创作技巧、创作规则和社会道德功用目的即美育教化目的方面规定艺术的诗性之真;二是反对在主客二分概念中将艺术(诗)活动仅视为审美主体的体验对象,且只具有审美属性和审美价值而与“真”( aletheia)无关。作者认为真正的艺术(诗)不是主体自身情感体验的再现,不是对经验事物的表现,也不是象征着某种超验的事物,更不是为了服从某种有用目的而专门制作出来的工具。真正的艺术是人站入存在者之无蔽状态(真)的一种方式,真正的悲剧是人在其中与自身相遇并实现自身存在的最高可能性的一种方式,诗性之真在本质上是一种神圣的“使命”,是由人的生存的基本要求所派定的,艺术(诗)的本质只能在生存论机制中被注定,而非在审美视野中展开。作为最高之诗的悲剧尤其如此。
[Abstract]:Tragedy, known as the highest poem, is the poem of poetry. Tragedy is the appearance of human suffering and the most important art form closely connected with human survival metaphysics. However, with the fall of art in the field of secular aesthetics for a long time, tragedy has become one of the most important categories of aesthetics and one of the most important research objects. Especially with the birth of Descartes' philosophy of subject theory, and Kant's abstract speculative analysis of subjective aesthetic psychological experience without utility and purpose, the theory of artistic autonomy was born in the scope of metaphysical aesthetics or psychology. The aesthetic subjectivity of art is enlarged infinitely, and man's taste judgment becomes the court of judging all existence. Beauty has become the supreme law of art, and "entering poetry" is equivalent to "aesthetics". Tragedy has become the object of subject experience along with art becoming the subservience of aesthetics, and the discussion of the poetic nature of tragedy has been repeatedly raised in the aesthetic field of vision. The anti-aesthetic nature of the tragedy discussed in this paper is mainly carried out in two aspects: one is to oppose the creation skills of aesthetic activities in art (poetry) [3] in the category of art aesthetics. The rules of creation and the purpose of social moral function, that is, the purpose of aesthetic education and education, stipulate the true nature of art, and oppose to regard art (poetry) activities as the experience object of aesthetic subject in the concept of subject and object. And only has the esthetic attribute and the esthetic value and has nothing to do with "true" (aletheia). The author holds that real art (poetry) is not the representation of the subject's own emotional experience, nor the expression of the experiential thing, nor the symbol of some transcendental thing, nor is it a tool specially made for the purpose of serving a useful purpose. True art is a way of standing in the unseen state of existence, and a real tragedy is a way in which man meets himself and realizes the highest possibility of his existence. In essence, the truth of poetry is a kind of sacred "mission", which is assigned by the basic requirements of human existence. The essence of art (poetry) can only be doomed in the existentialism mechanism, not in the aesthetic field of vision. This is especially true of the tragedy as the supreme poem.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I01

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