论哈代小说形式技巧的形成及意义

发布时间：2018-01-11 02:31

本文关键词：论哈代小说形式技巧的形成及意义　出处：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：托马斯·哈代在小说史上是位重要的作家,他的小说在我国乃至世界范围内都拥有众多的读者。历史上对哈代小说的评价不断推陈出新。我国学界侧重对哈代小说内容的研究,在思想意义、人物形象塑造等方面予以褒扬,对哈代独特的小说形式特点缺乏关注,尤其是没有注意到哈代严肃的命运观这一主导思想反映在他的小说创作中,从而给小说形式带来的极大影响。本文从哈代全部小说作品出发,探讨他的小说形式技巧的形成及意义。本文绪论部分交待了哈代生平、创作背景,及全部的小说作品和主要诗歌作品。然后关注了国外及国内对哈代小说的重要研究成果,进而对这些文献情况予以分析概述。最后交待了本论文的研究重点和意义。第一章分析哈代小说形式的形成及主要特征。首先从哈代的早期小说《穷人与贵妇》、《非常手段》、《绿荫下》、《远离尘嚣》观察作者创作之初在情节结构模式上的倾向性,即与戏剧形式的密切联系,在人物形象和故事情节上追求戏剧化,以此赢得市场。从而归纳出哈代小说情节的悲剧性特征,及这种悲剧性在现代视野的观照下表现出的反讽意味。第二章探讨哈代的命运观及其小说的情节设计。通过重点分析《德伯家的苔丝》和《无名的裘德》,本文认为哈代是一位极具命运意识的创作者,他将对宇宙人生的思考视为小说创作的使命,同时将他本人的命运观注入了对小说情节的构造之中。这使得小说的情节设计处处围绕命运变化的线索,同时诉诸强烈的情感,在整个小说风格上形成一种崇高悲壮的叙事效果。第三章讨论哈代小说的“独白”性质。在强烈的命运观主题下,哈代小说“全知全能”的叙述方式不仅代替人物发表言论,而且直接对人物行动发表评论,呈现出“独白”性质。作者的声音遮蔽了人物丰富的心理现实及其变化,从而导致人物的不可信。还有在故事情节上,为了追求戏剧式整一,作者大量使用“突发事件”、巧合与悬念推动情节发展,造成剧烈的戏剧化矛盾冲突,这在一方面有利于小说情节跌宕起伏、悬念频生,另一方面带来叙述语调的矛盾、滑稽及夸张、失真。结语部分结合当代文学作品,同时引入当代文艺理论视角,从现实生活和艺术风格两方面的变化来审视哈代小说戏剧式的情节结构及强大的命运主题呈现出的悖论。哈代在世纪末的潮流中坚持用艺术表现人生,表达对人类命运的思考与关注,充满了令人崇敬的悲壮力量,同时带来艺术形式上不可避免的损失。
[Abstract]:Thomas Hardy is an important writer in the history of fiction. His novels have a large number of readers in our country and even in the world. The historical evaluation of Hardy's novels is constantly emerging. Our academic circles focus on the content of Hardy's novels in the ideological significance. The characters are praised and paid attention to Hardy's unique novel form characteristics, especially he does not pay attention to Hardy's serious view of fate, which is reflected in his novel creation. This paper discusses the formation and significance of Hardy's novel form skills from the perspective of all of Hardy's novels. The introduction of this article describes Hardy's life, background, and all of his novels and main poetry works. Then it focuses on the important research results of Hardy's novels both at home and abroad. Finally, the research focus and significance of this paper are described. The first chapter analyzes the formation and main characteristics of Hardy's novel form. Firstly, from Hardy's early novels "Poor and Lady", "extraordinary means", "under the shade". Far from the crowd, the author observes the tendency of the author in the plot structure mode at the beginning of his creation, that is, the close connection with the form of drama, and the pursuit of dramatization in the characters and storylines. In order to win the market, the tragic features of Hardy's novel plot and the irony of this tragedy in the view of modern vision are summed up. The second chapter discusses Hardy's view of fate and the plot design of his novel. Through the analysis of Tess of the Decaux and Jude of the nameless, the author thinks that Hardy is a creator with great sense of destiny. He regards the thinking of the universe and life as the mission of the novel creation, and at the same time infuses his own view of fate into the structure of the novel plot, which makes the plot design of the novel revolve around the clue of the fate change everywhere. At the same time, appeals to the strong emotion, forms a kind of noble tragic narrative effect in the whole novel style. The third chapter discusses the "monologue" nature of Hardy's novels. Under the theme of a strong view of fate, Hardy's "all-knowing omnipotence" not only takes the place of characters to make comments, but also comments on their actions directly. The author's voice obscures the rich psychological reality of the characters and their changes, which leads to the disbelief of the characters, as well as the pursuit of theatrical wholeness in the storyline. The author uses "unexpected events" in a large amount, coincidences and suspense promote the development of plot, resulting in dramatic contradictions and conflicts, which on the one hand is conducive to the ups and downs of the novel plot, suspense frequently. On the other hand, it brings contradiction, antics, exaggeration and distortion of the narrative tone. The conclusion part combines the contemporary literature works and introduces the contemporary literature and art theory angle at the same time. This paper examines the paradox of the dramatic plot structure and the powerful destiny theme of Hardy's novels from the changes of real life and artistic style. Hardy insists on using art to express his life in the trend of the end of the century. The expression of concern for the fate of human beings is full of worshiping tragicomania and inevitable loss in art form.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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